Epistle to the Galatians
Epistle to the Galatians
1964 Quater 4
SABBATH SCHOOt LESSON 8, ei s- tz.lia
THE BLESSING OF DAILY STUDY “There should be a living, growing interest in storing the mind with Bible truth. The precious knowledge thus gained will build a barrier about the soul.”—Counsels on Sabbath School Work, page 36. Let us resolve to be more diligent in the study of His Word and “set apart a little time each day for the study of the Sabbath school lesson.”—Counsels on Sabbath School Work, page 41.
My Daily Lesson Study Pledge As one who greatly desires to improve his knowledge of the Scriptures, I pledge myself to the careful and prayerful study of some portion of my Sabbath school lesson each day of the week.
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Lesson Titles for the Quarter
1. Historical Background of the Epistle
2. Paul and the Gospel
3. From Persecutor to Preacher
4. Struggle Against Legalism
5. Justification by Faith, Not Works
6. The Just Live by Faith
7. Heirs According to the Promise
8. Paul, the Ardent Evangelist
9. Slave or Free
10. Christian Liberty
11. The Spirit-Controlled Life
12. True Christianity
13. Summary
Sabbath School Lesson Quarterly, No. 278, October-December, 1964. 20 cents a single copy, 75 cents a year (four issues) ; no addifioriit charge to countries requiring extra postage. Published in the U.S.A. by Pacific Press Publishing ASsiiciation (a corporation of S.D.A.), 1350 Villa Street, Mountain VieW, California 94041. Second‘class mail privileges authorized at Mountain View, California. Form 3579 requested. When a change of address is desired, please be Sure to send both old, and new addresses.
Copyright, 1964, by Pacific Press Publishing Association
Printed in U.S.A.
Sabbath School Lesson Quarterly THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Paul's Epistle to the Galatians is a small bid that I should glory, save in the cross book, only six chapters, but a book large of our Lord Jesus Christ." with meaning to the Christian church. The The great central truth of the Epistle book of Galatians will require close study, to the Galatians, then, is that a sinner can- but its message of justification through not earn justification by compliance with faith in Christ's righteousness, as opposed any legal requirements, be they ceremonial to justification by law keeping, is the very or moral. "I am asked concerning the law heart of Christianity. in Galatians. What law is the schoolmaster
There has been considerable discussion to bring us to Christ? I answer: Both the throughout the decades as to the identity ceremonial and the moral code of Ten Com- of the "law" in Galatians. In the book The mandments."—Selected Messages, b. 1, p. Acts of the Apostles, pages 383-388, Mrs. 233. White discusses the background of the Ga- In Paul's day, it was by compliance with latian epistle. She identifies the basic prob- the Jewish religious requirements that some lem in the Galatian churches as being the were attempting to earn salvation. It was influence of certain Jewish teachers who with these false teachers in mind particu- "urged upon the Gentile converts the ob- larly that Paul wrote to the Galatians. The servance of the ceremonial law."—Page great central truth set forth in Galatians 383. "Christ, the true foundation of the is as true today as it was in Paul's time. faith, was virtually renounced for the ob- No Christians today are tempted to think solete ceremonies of Judaism."—Page 385. that they can earn justification by adopt-
"Their [the false teachers'] religion was ing the practices of Judaism. There is the made up of a round of ceremonies, through very real danger, however, that some may the performance of which they expected think that by a rigorous compliance with to gain the favor of God."—Page 386. the requirements of the Decalogue, with These teachers, also known as Judaizers, the payment of their tithes and offe rings, were urging that Gentile converts, in ad- with certain dietary practices, and other dition to accepting Jesus Christ, should things, they earn God's favor. They think adopt various practices of Judaism, includ- that if they rigorously do all of these ing that of circumcision. things, comply with all the jots and tittles
Paul's letter to the Galatians was his of the law, they will earn justification, and answer to the claims of these Judaizers. In that God will be obliged to admit them into his forceful style Paul explained to the Ga- heaven. latians the sublime truth that men are The book of Galatians stands forth as a justified by faith in Jesus Christ, not by solemn warning to all such that a man is their compliance with legal requirements, not justified by what he does, but by faith even the requirements God Himself had in Jesus Christ and a wholehearted com- made at one time or another in ages past. mitment of the will and the life to Christ. The Judaizers claimed that men would have So, for us today, "the Holy Spirit through to do something to earn justification; spe- the apostle is speaking especially of the cifically, they would have to comply with moral law."—Ibid., p. 234. As Paul makes the legal requirements of the Jewish re- clear in Galatians 5 and 6, a man who has ligion. Paul said No ! Justification comes already found justification in Christ will as a free gift from God, not as a man's live by the law of Christ. He will faithfully due because he has done something to merit comply with all that Christ requires of him, it. The idea that a man could do some- not as a means to salvation, but because thing to earn justification makes Christ's of his soul-consuming love for Christ. death on the cross superfluous. That is why Then, and only then, will the glorious fruit Paul exclaims in Galatians 6:14, "God for- of the Spirit reach maturity in his life.
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Lesson 1, for October 3, 1964
Historical Background of the Epistle MEMORY VERSE: "And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of His grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified." Acts 20:32. LESSON SCRIPTURES: Acts 9 and 13 to 20. STUDY HELPS: "The Acts of the Apostles," pages 123-130, 155-200; "S.D.A. Bible Commentary," vol. 6, pp. 30-33, "Judaism in the Christian Church." AIM: To provide the historical background to the writing of Galatians, and to re- mind us that there is only one means of salvation—faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General Tuesday: Questions 9-12.
introduction and survey. 0 Wednesday: Questions 13, 14; Sunday: Introduction; questions begin reading study helps. 0
1-3; begin learning memory Thursday: Continue reading study
verse. helps. Monday: Questions 4-8. Friday: Review entire lesson.
Lesson Outline: Introduction 8. Paul continues his ministry to the Gentiles. Acts 15:30, 35. I. Paul’s Early Ministry I11. Paul’s Subsequent Journeys 1. God’s purpose for Paul. Acts 9:15. 2. The beginning of Paul’s ministry. 9. Paul’s desire to strengthen his con- Acts 9:19, 20, 22. verts. Acts 15:36. 3. Ministry in Syria and Cilicia. Acts 10. The localities visited during the 9:26-30; Gal. 1:15-21; Acts 11: second journey. Acts 15:41; 16:1, 25, 26. 6-8. 11. Continued opposition from unbe-
- Paul’s First Missionary Journey lieving Jews. Acts 17:1, 5, 10, 13;
- The localities visited during the first 18:1, 4, 6. journey. Acts 13; 14. 12. Beginning of the third journey.
- The gospel to the Gentiles. Acts Acts 18:22, 23. 13:42-48. IV. Danger Foreseen and Averted
- Opposition from Christian-Jewish teachers. Acts 15:1, 5. 13. Warning of spiritual perils await-
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An apostolic council considers the ing the church. Acts 20:29, 30. Christian predicament. Acts 15: 6, 14. Pastoral counsel for safeguarding 10, 11, 19, 20. the church. Acts 20:28, 31, 32.
THE LESSON Introduction the universal nature of Christ's redemptive plan. But the Lord called Saul of Tarsus The first apostles, as Jews, restricted and commissioned him to be a special apos- their early evangelism almost exclusively to tle to the Gentiles. To him the Saviour Jews. It was difficult for them to grasp revealed Himself as the One whose atoning [4]sacrifice was efficacious for all, irrespective ANSWER: Acts 13 and 14 show that on of race or nationality, and without ob- his first great journey Paul, with his com- servance of Jewish ritual. panion Barnabas, visited, among other This knowledge given by divine revela- places, the island of Cyprus; then, on the tion led Paul to preach “the unsearchable mainland of Asia Minor, Perga in Pam- riches of Christ” throughout the Gentile phylia, Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra, world. In time he reached Galatia, and and Derbe. He then retraced his steps to there founded the churches to which he his headquarters, Antioch in Syria. Identify later wrote the epistle we shall be studying these towns on a map of Paul’s journeys this quarter. This first lesson swiftly traces in your Bible, or in the S.D.A. Bible Com- the outline of the apostle’s Gentile min- mentary, vol. 6, p. 280. istry, and gives the general setting in which the Gentile churches were established. 5. How was Paul led to evangelize The epistle was written while Paul was the Gentiles? Acts 13:42-48. at Corinth on his third missionary journey about A.D. 57 or 58. See The Acts of the Apostles, page 383. Nom.—Jewish rejection of the gospel Paul’s Early Ministry caused Paul and Barnabas to study the divine plan for mankind’s salvation more
- At the time of Paul’s conversion, closely. Their eyes, previously half closed to what special form of service was by their faithful adherence to Jewish tra- he called? Acts 9:15. dition, now opened and allowed them to see that God wanted all men, even Gentiles, to be saved. The envy, contradiction, and blasphemy of the unbelieving Jews en- Nom.—Saul’s encounter with the as- couraged them to give the Gentiles the op- cended Lord, on the road to Damascus, portunity to hear and accept the gospel. resulted in his immediate conversion, and The apostles saw this development as a his being called to a work that God had fulfillment of prophecy and of the Lord’s clearly marked out for him. The Lord had special commission to Paul. Isa. 42:6; 49:6; chosen him to bear His name, or to preach, Acts 9:15. The exclusiveness of these Jews before Gentiles, kings and Jews—a broad concerning salvation was broken down, commission, which Paul faithfully fulfilled. and the Gentiles were publicly invited to It would appear, however, that he at first share in God’s mercies. This generous act concentrated on Jewish congregations, and was historic: It saved Christianity from only later devoted himself largely to non- being a mere offshoot of Judaism and en- Jewish audiences. The full realization of abled it to grow into a universal religion. God’s intention gradually dawned upon him until he was glad to accept the title, 6. While Paul and Barnabas were “Apostle to the Gentiles.” preaching the gospel to the Gentiles,
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Where did Paul begin his Chris- what message were certain Jewish tian ministry? Acts 9:19, 20, 22. Christians proclaiming? Acts 15:1, 5.
- Where else did Paul labor be- Num.—For centuries the Jewish people fore setting out on his major mis- had been accustomed to a ritualistic religion. sionary journeys? Acts 9:26-30; Gal. They had come to believe that salvation 1:15-21; Acts 11:25, 26. was dependent on their fulfillment of the Mosaic ceremonial laws, prominent among which was the law of circumcision. Under this ever-thickening crust of legalism they Paul’s First Missionary Journey had lost sight of Heaven’s plan of redemp- tion and had substituted a system of salva-
- On Paul’s first missionary tour, tion by works. what places did he visit? Paul was given a clear understanding of [5] the way of salvation, and boldly proclaimed “into ‘Phrygia and the region of Galatia,’ it to Jew and Gentile. His concept of the where with mighty power they proclaimed gospel went beyond that of many early the glad tidings of salvation. The Gala- Jewish Christians, and led some of them to tians were given up to the worship of idols; oppose him bitterly. His insistence on sal- but, as the apostles preached to them, they vation by faith in Christ alone appeared to rejoiced in the message that promised free- be destructive of their treasured Judaism. dom from the thralldom of sin. Paul and his fellow workers proclaimed the doctrine
- When the leaders of the church of righteousness by faith in the atoning considered the problem, what con- sacrifice of Christ. . . . Paul’s manner of clusion did they reach? Acts 15:6, 10, life while among the Galatians was such 11, 19, 20. that he could afterward say, ‘I beseech you, be as I am.’ Galatians 4:12.”—The Acts of the Apostles, pages 207, 208.
NoTE.—These scriptures reveal that the 11. What class of people continued doctrine of salvation by faith was not to pursue Paul and seek to disrupt taught by Paul alone, but was believed and his work? Acts 17:1, 5, 10, 13; 18:1, taught by the other apostles also. 4, 6.
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Armed with this apostolic an- swer, where did Paul continue his ministry? Acts 15:30, 35. 12. After his next return to Anti- och, where did Paul’s third journey lead him? Acts 18:22, 23.
Paul’s Subsequent Journeys
- What missionary urge led Paul Nom—Following his earlier pattern of to take up his travels again? Acts visiting his converts to confirm their new- found faith, Paul returned to “the country 15:36. of Galatia.” It seems probable that during his absence, certain Jewish Christian teach- ers had gone in to urge upon the Galatian NOTE.—Paul never acquired a detached Christians the need for observing all the professionalism toward his converts. When rites enjoined in the Mosaic law, with once he had brought them to Christ, he special emphasis upon circumcision. Such continued to be interested in their welfare erroneous teaching must have caused Paul and never neglected to visit as opportunity great anxiety. This, together with later re- was given. This abiding interest in the ports from others who had passed through well-being of his spiritual children led him, the district, led him to appeal to the Ga- under the influence of the Spirit, to write latians, by letter, to hold to the simplicities to those whom he could not visit, and thus of the gospel he had first taught them. his incomparable epistles were born. We are still benefitting from his dedicated care Danger Foreseen and Averted for his converts. 13. What danger did Paul foresee
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Where did his second mission- would confront the churches he had ary journey take Paul? Acts 15:41; founded? Acts 20:29, 30. 16:1, 6-8.
NOTE.—"I know. By his knowledge of NOTE.—After revisiting several of the human nature and by experience, as well as towns where he had preached during his by the light given him by the Spirit of God. first journey, Paul, with Silas, entered into "After my departing. Paul had been a new territory. They went northward guardian to the churches he had gathered C6Itogether. Their danger would increase in Tim. 2:17), whose words ate ‘as doth a his absence. So Israel was faithful during canker,’ and who overthrew ‘the faith of the days of Joshua and of the elders who some.’ “—Ibid., on Acts 20:30. outlived him (Judges 2:7), but afterward came apostasy. 14. What counsel did the apostle “Grievous wolves. Here Paul is parallel- give for safeguarding the believers’ ing Christ’s allegory of the good shepherd. faith? Acts 20:28, 31, 32. The hireling is no match for the wolf (John 10:12), but the true shepherd of the flock stands his ground in defense of the helpless sheep. Christ, knowing the acute danger NoTE.—This counsel is still valid today. of such attacks, warned of it (Matt. 7:15).” The Christian’s best protection against de- —S.D A. Bible Commentary, on Acts 20:29. ception is prayerful, diligent study of God’s The apostle Paul foresees and warns the Word. church of grievous wolves that will trouble the church. These wolves of verse 29 Questions for Meditation “which were to attack the flock from with- out, represent the Judaizing and paganizing 1. Have I personally met Jesus on my influences that by A.D. 400 had radically Damascus road? changed popular Christianity. Now Paul 2. Am I as dedicated in my service as [also] warns of apostatizing influences Paul was in his? coming from within, like Demas (2 Tim. 3. Am I being built up in the Christian 4:10), and Hymenaeus and Philetus (2 faith by daily study of the Word?
Lesson 2, for October 10, 1964 Paul and the Gospel MEMORY VERSE: "I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek." Rom. 1:16. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 1:1-12. STUDY HELPS: "The Acts of the Apostles," pages 383-388; "S.D.A. Bible Commen- tary," vol. 6, pp. 931-935. AIM: To understand the motives that led Paul to write his epistle to the Galatians and to share in his single-minded devotion to the gospel of Christ. DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; reading study helps. begin learning memory verse. ❑ Tuesday: Questions 7-9. 0 Sunday: Introduction and questions Wednesday: Questions 10-13. 0 1-4. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. Monday: Questions 5, 6; begin Friday: Review entire lesson. 0
Lesson Outline: 2. Commissioned by Christ and the Father. Gal. 1:1, second part. Introduction 3. Fraternal greetings to Galatian churches. Gal. 1:2. I. Salutation and Doxology 4. Spiritual salutation. Gal. 1:3. 1. Paul, the apostle. Gal. 1:1, first 5. Reminder of redemption’s cost and phrase. purpose. Gal. 1:4, first part. [7] 6. Glory to redemption’s Designer. Ill. The Revealed Gospel Gal. 1:4 (second part), 5. 10. Paul, seeking to please God not
- The One True Gospel men. Gal. 1:10, first part.
11. The servant of Christ cannot al-
- Paul’s justifiable concern over the ways please men. Gal. 1:10, last Galatians. Gal. 1:6. part.
- Identifying those who would per- 12. The superhuman nature of Paul’s vert the Galatians. Gal. 1:7. gospel. Gal. 1:11.
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The falseness of any other gospel 13. Paul received his gospel by revela- than that preached by Paul. Gal. tion. Gal. 1:12. 1:8, 9.
THE LESS'ON Introduction proceeds to show that his claim to apostle- ship is as valid as that of the Twelve, and Our first lesson sketched the background that he is eminently qualified to counsel the of the founding of the Galatian churches Galatian Christians. and gave us a glimpse of some of the troubles fomented for Paul by Judaizing 2. From whom did Paul derive his opponents. This week we begin a detailed office? Gal. 1:1, last part. consideration of the letter Paul wrote to the Galatians after learning that they were being disturbed by such troublemakers. We should try to reconstruct the circum- NOTE.—Paul traced his call to apostle- stances that prompted the preparation of ship to his vision of the Lord Jesus on the this epistle. As stated in the introduction Damascus road (Acts 9:1-9) and to the to Lesson 1, it was written from Corinth, subsequent instruction that he received probably during the winter of A.D. 57/58. from the Master (Acts 9:16; Gal. 1:12, The more clearly we understand the work- 15-17). He here (Gal. 1:1) reminds his ing of Paul's mind and the Galatians' readers that his divine Instructor, once situation, the easier it will be to grasp the dead, had been miraculously raised to life enduring message of the epistle. We should, by God the Father who with Christ had therefore, follow closely the apostle's rea- also called Paul to his high office. soning and then apply his counsel to our- selves. 3. Who joined Paul in sending greetings to the Galatians? Gal. 1:2. Salutation and Doxology
- To what title does the author of the Galatian letter lay claim? Gal. 4. What two divine gifts does the 1:1, first phrase. apostle invoke on the Galatian Chris- tians? Gal. 1:3.
NOTE.—”Apostle. . . . Literally, ‘one sent forth,’ and by extension, ‘a messenger,’ an NoTE.—”The life, death, and resurrection ambassador.’ “—S.D.A. Bible Dictionary. of Christ had brought new meaning to “Paul customarily speaks of himself as both these old familiar terms [grace, peace]. an apostle without attempting to justify his ‘Grace’ was now understood as the redeem- claim to the title. Here, however, the ex- ing love of God in Christ (see 2 Tim. 1:9). tended defense of his apostleship (Gal. 1:1 ‘Peace’ was now peace with God through to 2:14) indicates that the churches ad- redemption (Rom 5:1). With this Chris- dressed were doubtful of accepting him for tian significance, ‘grace’ and ‘peace’ became what he claimed to be.”—S.D.A. Bible Paul’s customary greeting in all his Commentary, on Gal. 1:1. However, Paul epistles.” “However Paul may feel about 8 the defection of the Galatians, he does not NoTE.—After the brief introduction love them less. His sincere desire for them (verses 1-5) which, contrary to the apostle’s is that they may receive the grace that usual custom, contains no commendation comes to man from God as a gift through and little personal warmth, Paul plunges faith in Jesus Christ. . . Received by the into his reason for writing to the Galatians. sinner, this grace brings peace.”—S.D.A. He was astonished that they had so quickly Bible Commentary, on Rom. 1:7 and Gal. departed from his teaching to follow an- 1:3. other gospel. “The verb here [‘removed,’ from Greek metatithemi] is in the present
- How does Paul summarize the tense, indicating that the apostasy was still cost and the purpose of Christ’s re- in process of development as Paul wrote. demptive act? Gal. 1:4, first part. This departure from the faith has come suddenly and is progressing rapidly. The form of the verb also implies that they were responsible for deserting Paul.”— S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 1:6. NOTE:—”What a theme for meditation is the sacrifice that Jesus made for lost sin- 8. How does the apostle describe ners! ‘He was wounded for our transgres- the teaching of those who were dis- sions, He was bruised for our iniquities: turbing the faith and practice of his the chastisement of our peace was upon friends? Gal. 1:7. Him; and with His stripes we are healed.’ How shall we estimate the blessings thus brought within our reach? Could Jesus have suffered more? Could He have pur- chased for us richer blessings? Should it NoTE.—Paul knew that since there was not melt the hardest heart when we re- only one Saviour, who died according to member that for our sakes He left the hap- the will of the one Father, there could be piness and glory of heaven and suffered only one gospel or one true explanation poverty and shame, cruel affliction and a of God’s great act. Therefore, he condemns terrible death?”—Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 316. as false a different kind of gospel (verse 6) which is not another true gospel (verse 7).
- Whom does Paul see as the 9. In what strong words does the Originator of redemption? Gal. 1:4 writer declare the unique validity of (second part), 5. the gospel he had brought to Galatia? Gal. 1:8, 9.
NorE.—In all the warmth of his adora- tion of Christ as Saviour, Paul never lost The Revealed Gospel sight of the Father’s equal participation in the plan for our salvation. Man’s deliver- 10. In view of his plain speaking, ance from sin was not something Christ what question concerning his own accomplished apart from the Father, but motivation could Paul confidently in cooperation with the Father. See 2 Cor. 5:19. This realization caused Paul to break ask? Gal. 1:10, first part. into a doxology. Compare Eph. 1:3 ; 1 Peter 1:3. We ought also to praise our Father’s holy name, and be consciously grateful for His saving love. NOTE.—He expected a negative reply con- cerning his efforts to please men, and a positive answer in respect of God. The One True Gospel 11. How does Paul plainly state 7. What condition among the Ga- the impossibility of his always pleas- latian churches caused Paul grave ing men while serving Christ? Gal. concern? Gal. 1:6. 1:10, second part. [9] 12. What claim does Paul advance Nom—Although he undoubtedly learned concerning the gospel that he had from others, especially from the original preached in Galatia? Gal. 1:11. apostles, Paul had not been dependent on another’s teaching. But he had received• the gospel “by revelation of Jesus Christ;” that is, “by a revelation from Jesus Christ.” NOTE.—As the epistle progresses, it be- In the following lessons we shall see how comes clear that those who were pervert- the writer enlarges on this question of the ing the Galatian believers were also under- “revelation” and substantiates the divine mining Paul’s authority, declaring that he origin of the gospel and his call to the was no true apostle, had not been divinely apostleship. commissioned as had the Twelve, and that his teachings were his own invention. These Questions for Meditation insinuations Paul now sets out to deny and disprove. 1. Am I steadfast in the faith to which God has called me?
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With what statement of fact 2. Have I allowed Christ to deliver me does the apostle now substantiate the from the evils of this present world? far-reaching claim he has made? Gal. 3. How can I strengthen my confidence 1:12. Compare Eph. 3:3. in the gospel?
Lesson 3, for October 17, 1964 From Persecutor to Preacher MEMORY VERSE: "For this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might show forth all long-suffering, for a pattern to them which should here- after believe on Him to life everlasting." 1 Tim. 1:16. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 1:13-24. STUDY HELPS: "The Acts of the Apostles," pages 112-122; "S.D.A. Bible Com- mentary." AIM: To seek to understand the heavenly origin of Paul's apostolic commission and to subject ourselves to its directives. DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Wednesday: Questions 11-13; begin begin learning memory verse. ❑ reading study helps. ❑ Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-6. ❑ Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑ Tuesday: Questions 7-10. ❑
Lesson Outline: Introduction 2. He admits his antichristian activi- ties. Gal. 1:13, second part. I. Saul the Persecutor 3. He justifiably claims preeminence 1. Paul recalls his experience in • in his devotion to Judaism. Gal. Judaism. Gal. 1:13, first part. 1:14. [ 10 ] 11. Paul the Convert 9. Apart from Peter, Paul then saw only James. Gal. 1:19. 4. Two steps in the divine commission. 10. Emphatic claim to truthfulness. Gal. 1 : 15. Gal. 1:20. 5. God plans a special career for Paul. Gal. 1:16, first part. IV. Paul the Preacher 6. Paul’s initial response to the plan. Gal. 1:16 (second part), 17. 11. Paul’s early evangelistic endeavors. Acts 9:20, 22; Gal. 1:21. Ill. The Cautious Convert 12. Judean churches hear of persecutor turned preacher. Gal. 1:22, 23. 7. A cautious approach to Jerusalem. 13. The churches praise God for His Gal. 1:18, first part. 8. Paul visits Peter. Gal. 1:18, second way with Paul. Gal. 1:24. part.
THE LESSON
Introduction 2. What painful fact did he recall
concerning his pre-Christian career? In the opening section of his letter Gal. 1:13, second part. (Gal. 1:1-12) the author explained what prompted his writing this epistle, namely, his concern lest the Galatian believers be deceived into following a false interpreta- NoTE.—Paul never whitewashed his per- tion of the gospel, one which confirmed secuting activities. He rather used that them in Jewish legalism. His pursuit of aspect of his carrer as a foil against which this subject raises the question of the to exhibit the wonder of God's grace in authority of his own teaching, which in accomplishing his conversion and permit- turn depends on the nature of his com- ting him to engage in Christian service. mission—is it of human or divine origin? Compare Acts 7:54 to 8:3; 9:1, 2, 13, 21; In the remainder of the chapter (verses 22:3-5; 26:9-11; Phil. 3:4-6. 13-24) Paul deals with this important mat- ter. 3. To what eminence had he at-
tained in Jewish religious society?
Saul the Persecutor Gal. 1:14. 1. What did Paul assume the Ga- latians already knew about his early religious life? Gal. 1:13, first part. NorE.—Paul "was regarded by the rabbis
as a young man of great promise, and high
hopes were cherished concerning him as an
able and zealous defender of the ancient
faith. His elevation to membership in the NorE.—The word translated "conversa- Sanhedrin council placed him in a position tion" means "manner of life," which is of power."—The Acts of the Apostles, page also the archaic English meaning of the 112. term. Paul's thorough acquaintance with Jew- The Galatians knew of Paul's career ish tradition made him well-qualified to either because of the fame of Saul of deal with its tragic errors. Tarsus, or because the apostle's adversaries had spread abroad his early history; or they had heard the story from his own Paul the. Convert lips. In any case, they knew he was thoroughly acquainted with Judaism, and 4. What two steps had the Lord that he had been one of its most ardent taken to enroll Paul in His service? supporters. Gal. 1:15.
NoTE.—This double experience—being The Cautious Convert separated to God’s service from birth, and being called into that service by the Lord’s 7. How long a time elapsed before grace—is not restricted to Paul. God has Paul returned to Jerusalem? Gal. taken the same detailed, personal interest in the lives of every one of His children 1:18, first part. from the cradle to the grave. Unfortu- nately, many have not tried to discover God’s will, and have not heeded His NOTE.—It would appear that Paul de- gracious call. liberately postponed a meeting with Chris-
- For what purpose did God inter- tian leaders until he had solved his personal problems and had obtained a clear concept rupt Paul’s former way of Life? Gal. of his mission and of the message he was 1:16, first part. to proclaim. By that time he was already settled in his apostleship, and would not be in any way dependent on others’ approval. NoTE.—The apostle quickly grasped the 8. What reason did Paul give for divine technique of ideal evangelism— eventually going to Jerusalem? Gal. the tangible revelation of Jesus Christ in the life of the believer. “The life of the 1:18, second part. true believer reveals an indwelling Saviour. The follower of Jesus is Christlike in spirit and in temper. Like Christ, he is meek and humble. His faith works by love and puri- NOTE.—He went not merely “to see” fies the soul. His whole life is a testimony Peter, but to become acquainted with him. to the power of the grace of Christ”— What a dramatic meeting that must have Testimonies, vol. 7, p. 67. This is the most been! What a stream of questions must effective form of preaching. It can be prac- have passed between the two evangelists ticed by any Christian in any place at any during the fifteen days of Paul’s stay in time. Jerusalem ! How eager must have been his inquiries after the details of Christ’s
- On receipt of the divine call, earthly life! How interested must have what course did the apostle pursue? been Peter’s hearing of Saul’s encounter Gal. 1:16 (second part), 17. Compare with the Master on the Syrian road! Two Acts 26:19, 20. weeks must have seemed woefully inade- quate for all the two would have liked to discuss. Paul’s own account here makes no men- NoTa.—”Here, in the solitude of the tion of the friendly offices of Barnabas in desert [in Arabia, in an area that cannot introducing him to the Christian circle in now be identified], Paul had ample op- Jerusalem. See Acts 9:26-28; The Acts of portunity for quiet study and meditation. the Apostles, page 129. He calmly reviewed his past experience and made sure work of repentance. He 9. Who only of the other apostles sought God with all his heart, resting not (apart from Peter) did Paul then until he knew for a certainty that his re- meet? Gal. 1:19. pentance was accepted and his sin par- doned. He longed for the assurance that Jesus would be with him in his coming ministry. He emptied his soul of the prej- NoTE.—Paul was at pains to establish his udices and traditions that had hitherto total dependence on a divine commission shaped his life, and received instruction to the exclusion of human influence. He from the Source of truth. Jesus com- therefore explained that at the time of his muned with him, and established him in visit to Jerusalem he saw only two of the the faith, bestowing upon him a rich church leaders. measure of wisdom and grace.”—The Acts If James was “the Lord’s brother,” as of the Apostles, pages 125, 126. most likely he was, the fact would have [ 12 1 special significance for Paul, since James 12. What was the extent of the was not one of the original Twelve, nor Judean Christians’ knowledge of Paul was he the one elected to take the place in those early days? Gal. 1:22, 23. of Judas. This set a precedent in apostle- ship, and opened the way for Paul, who was also not of the Twelve, to be added to the illustrious company. 13. What was the churches’ reac-
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How did Paul emphasize the tion to reports of Paul’s ministry? truth of what he was saying? Gal. Gal. 1:24. 1:20.
NorE.—There was personal relief for the NOTE.—In the midst of his narrative, Judeans in the news of Paul's conversion Paul pauses to assert the complete veracity and service, for it brought them some of what he is telling the rather skeptical respite from persecution. But their princi- Galatians. ple reaction went deeper than that. They gave glory to God that He could take the Paul the Preacher persecutor and use him to proclaim the saving merits of the One whom he had - Where was Paul’s field of ac- once so cruelly opposed. Our conversion tivity during his first major period of should similarly bring glory to God. evangelism? Acts 9:20, 22; Gal. 1:21. Questions for Meditation
NoTE.—Paul had begun to preach in 1. How does my zeal in Christian service Jerusalem, but plots against him obliged compare with Paul’s in “the Jews’ re- the brethren to send him to Tarsus (Acts ligion”? 9:29, 30; The Acts of the Apostles, page 2. Do others see God’s Son revealed in 130), his hometown. He remained in that me? vicinity probably about five years, until 3. Has the church any cause to glorify Barnabas sought him out. Acts 11:25, 26. God because of my Christian service?
Lesson 4, for October 24, 1964
Struggle Against Legalism MEMORY VERSE: "For He that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the circumcision, the same was mighty in me toward the Gentiles." Gal. 2:8. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 2:1-13. STUDY HELPS: "The Acts of the Apostles," pages 188-200; "S.D.A. Bible Commen- tary." AIM: To profit from Paul's pattern of Christian diplomacy.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Tuesday: Questions 8-10.
begin learning memory verse. ❑ Wednesday: Questions 11-13. Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-7. ❑ Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑
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Lesson Outline: 7. Recognition of distinct ministries to Jews and Gentiles. Gal. 2:7. Introduction 8. The same Lord working through all apostles to all peoples. Gal. 2:8. I. A Test Case 9. A fraternal division of evangelistic responsibility. Gal. 2:9. 1. Another visit to Jerusalem. Gal. 10. Paul’s acceptance of ministry to the 2:1. poor. Gal. 2:10. 2. Reason for the visit. Gal. 2:2. 3. Titus, the test case concerning I11. Peter’s Vacillating Attitude circumcision. Gal. 2:3. 11. Paul’s justifiable opposition to
- Overcoming False Counsel Peter. Gal. 2:11.
- Opposition from false brethren. 12. Peter’s dissimulating tactics. Gal. Gal. 2:4. 2:12.
- Paul’s firm stand for the right. Gal. 13. Unfortunate influence of Peter’s 2:5. dissemblance. Gal. 2:13.
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Church leaders unable to gainsay Paul’s conclusions. Gal. 2:6.
THE LESSON Introduction A Test Case
Paul has established the nature of his 1. What length of time elapsed be- God-given call to the apostleship and his fore Paul’s next visit to Jerusalem, and receiving divine revelations concerning the who accompanied him? Gal. 2:1. gospel. He now tells of efforts that were made by certain “false brethren” to oblige him and his Gentile converts to conform to Jewish ceremonial requirements, especially NOTE.-“It is not clear whether this 14- circumcision, and how he successfuly re- year period began with his [Paul’s] con- sisted such attempts. version or with his visit to Jerusalem three Modern Christians need to understand years later. . . . The purpose in mention- the issues then decided, that they may ing the 14 years is to point out how long know what God requires of them today. it was after his conversion before Paul had Why did those Christian Jews who had an extended contact with the Twelve. He been converted from Pharisaism (Acts 15:5) had not borrowed from them the gospel desire to have the Gentile believers cir- he had been preaching for some 14 (or 17) cumcised, and require them to observe the years.”-S.D.A Bible Commentary, on Gal. law of Moses? “The Jewish converts gen- 2:1: erally were not inclined to move as rapidly If we place Paul’s conversion in A.D. 35, as the providence of God opened the way. then the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15), the From the result of the apostles’ labors most likely occasion of this present visit, among the Gentiles it was evident that may be dated at about A.D. 49. the converts among the latter people would far exceed the Jewish converts in number. 2. Arriving at Jerusalem on the oc- The Jews feared that if the restrictions casion of this divinely sanctioned visit and ceremonies of their law were not made to Jerusalem, what did Paul do? Gal. obligatory upon the Gentiles as a condition 2:2. of church fellowship, the national peculiari- ties of the Jews, which had hitherto kept them distinct from all other people, would finally disappear from among those who NorE.-Opposition had arisen to his Gen- received the gospel message.”-The Acts tile ministry on the part of certain Jewish of the Apostles, page 189. Christians, particularly those who had been f 14 I Pharisees. Acts 15:1, 5. These maintained 5. Why did the apostle resist the that all Christians were obliged to observe influence of these “false brethren”? the Mosaic law. To have the disruptive Gal. 2:5. question settled on the highest possible level, Paul went to Jerusalem. There he was a wise advocate of his cause: He quietly explained his position to the princi- 6. What contribution did the lead- pal leaders and thus avoided public dis- ers in Jerusalem make to Paul’s think- sension in the church and the destruction of the fruitage of his years of ministry to ing? Gal. 2:6. Jew and Gentile.
- What test case did Paul cite as evidence of Jerusalem support for his Non.—”Paul is not detracting from the interpretation of the ritual obliga- importance of the apostles, but he en- deavors to make clear that their position tions of Gentile converts? Gal. 2:3. and office could have no bearing whatever on the problem under consideration. God did not consult man with respect to what is truth, but commissions him to declare NoTE.—This was an important victory truth. To this important duty Paul has for Paul. If the Gentile Titus was not been called, even as had the Twelve.”— obliged to submit to Jewish ritual, all S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 2:6. Gentile Christians could be similarly ex- empt. The “incident reveals both Paul’s 7. What practical division of re- consistency and the willingness of the sponsibility did the leaders perceive? leaders to lay aside prejudice and recognize truth when it was presented to them. This Gal. 2:7. spirit made it possible for God to work through the early church in a marvelous way. He looks for the same spirit of love NOTE.—”He [Paul] had first sought a and tolerance in the church today.”—S.D.A. private interview, in which he set the mat- Bible Commentary, on Gal. 2:3. ter in all its bearings before the leading apostles, Peter, James, and John. With Overcoming False Counsel far-seeing wisdom, he concluded that if these men could be led to take a right
- Who introduced the subject of position, everything would be gained. Had circumcision on the occasion of this he first presented the question before the visit? Gal. 2:4. whole council, there would have been a division of sentiment. The strong prejudice already excited because he had not enforced circumcision on the Gentiles, would have NOTE.—The earliest Christians were led many to take a stand against him. Thus Jews, and it seemed natural for them to the object of his visit would have been continue to observe the Mosaic law. To defeated, and his usefulness greatly hin- them it had been the foundation of true dered. But the three leading apostles, religion, and they were prepared to add against whom no such prejudice existed, Christ’s teachings to what they already having themselves been won to the true possessed. position, brought the matter before the Then the Lord revealed to Peter, through council, and won from all a concurrence in the vision of unclean animals, that Gentiles the decision to leave the Gentiles free from could also join the church. Acts 10. But the obligations of the ceremonial law.”— it was Paul who, through divine revelation Ellen G. WLite, Sketches From the Life of and his long meditations on the meaning Paul, page 193, quoted in S.D.A. Bible and application of the gospel, perceived the Commentary, vol. 6, p. 1108. true relationship between the exemplary life and redemptive death of Jesus, and the 8. Who was working through the ceremonial requirements of Jewish ritual ministry of both Peter and Paul? Gal. law, 2:8. [ 15 ] NoTE.—”The success of Peter’s ministry tained to Gentile believers only. It did not constituted evidence that God was at work specifically release Jewish Christians from through him. But the same was true of the requirements of the ritual law. Having Paul’s ministry. It would be inconsistent to lost their case with respect to Gentile con- acclaim the one and denounce the other.” verts, the Judaizers naturally refused to —S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 2:8. read more into the decision than was actu- Christian workers need to remember that ally stated. But Paul and others rightly the Lord supports many different kinds of reasoned that if Gentiles could be saved service, all of which contribute to the apart from the ritual law, so could the establishment of His kingdom. This re- Jews.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. moves grounds for jealousy and harmful 2:11. competition in Christian work. “The council [at Jerusalem] had, on that occasion, decided that the converts from
- What agreement did the breth- the Jewish church might observe the ordi- ren reach concerning their respective nances of the Mosaic law if they chose, spheres of service? Gal. 2:9. while those ordinances should not be made obligatory upon converts from the Gen- tiles.”—E. G. White, Sketches From the Life of Paul, page 121. NOTE.—”In this instance [the Jerusalem Council] we have a refutation of the doc- 12. How did Peter’s timid change- trine held by the Roman Catholic Church fulness lay him open to criticism? Gal. that Peter was the head of the church. . . . 2:12. James seems to have been chosen as the one to announce the decision arrived at by the council. It was his sentence that the ceremonial law, and especially the ordinance 13. Who were influenced by Peter’s of circumcision, should not be urged upon lack of firmness in this matter? Gal. the Gentiles, or even recommended to 2:13. them.”—The Acts of the Apostles, pages 194, 195.
- What special Christian duty NoTE.—”This revelation of weakness on did Paul cheerfully accept? Gal. 2:10. the part of those who had been respected and loved as leaders, left a most painful im- pression on the minds of the Gentile be- lievers. The church was threatened with NorE.—”In placing among them the help- division. But Paul, who saw the subverting less and the poor, to be dependent upon influence of the wrong done to the church their care, Christ tests His professed fol- through the double part acted by Peter, lowers. By our love and service for His openly rebuked him for thus disguising his needy children we prove the genuineness true sentiments. . . . of our love for Him. To neglect them is “Peter saw the error into which he had to declare ourselves false disciples, stran- fallen, and immediately set about repairing gers to Christ and His love.”—The Ministry the evil that had been wrought, so far as of Healing, page 205. was in his power.”—The Acts of the Apos- tles, page 198. Peter’s Vacillating Attitude Questions for Meditation
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When Paul later encountered Peter at Antioch, what attitude did 1. What is the source of my convictions Paul adopt, and why? Gal. 2:11. —the opinions of men, or the teachings of God? 2. Am I as sympathetic to the needs of the poor as Christ expects me to be? NOTE.—”It should be remembered that 3. Shall I stand for the right though the the decision of the Jerusalem Council per- heavens fall? [ 16 Lesson 5, for October 31, 1964
Justification by Faith, Not Works
MEMORY VERSE: “I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave Himself for me.” Gal. 2:20. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 2:14 to 3:4. LESSON HELPS: “Steps to Christ,” chapter, “The Test of Discipleship;” “S.D.A. Bible Commentary.” AIM: To help us more fully understand and accept the truth of justification by faith, as opposed to salvation by works of the law.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Tuesday: Questions 9, 10; begin
begin learning memory verse. ❑ reading study helps. Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ Wednesday: Questions 11-13. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-8. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps.
Friday: Review entire lesson.
Lesson Outline: 6. The impossibility of his returning to dependence on law. Gal. 2:19. Introduction 7. Paul’s complete faith in Christ’s saving power. Gal. 2:20. I. None Justified by Works 8. Paul’s decisive conclusion with re- 1. Paul’s searching question to Peter. spect to salvation by works of the Gal. 2:14. law. Gal. 2:21. 2. Jewish Christians already knew of justification by faith. Gal. 2:15, 16, I11. Personal Appeal to the Galatians first part. 3. The only means of justification. 9. The apostle’s distress at the Gal. 2:16, second part. Galatians’ seeking salvation by works. Gal. 3:1, first part.
- Dead to Law, Alive to God 10. Christ had been exalted in Galatia.
Gal. 3:1, second part.
- Justification by faith does not con- done sin. Gal. 2:17. 11. A reminder of their original depen-
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Paul precludes his own return to dence on faith. Gal. 3:2. Judaism and salvation by works. 12. An appeal to reason. Gal. 3:3. Gal. 2:18. 13. An instructive question. Gal. 3:4.
THE LESSON Introduction Christian religion than had been held by the apostles in Jerusalem. With this lesson In previous lessons we have been follow- we begin to enter into the theology of ing Paul's review of the events that led Paul's mission. He considers Jesus versus him to adopt a broader concept of the Judaism, and concludes that salvation [ 17 1comes through faith in Christ, not through for its beauties to unfold in succeeding the observance of Jewish ritual require- paragraphs. ments. He tries to convince the Galatians, The message of the epistle will be more and ourselves, of the truth of this teaching. readily understood if it is here realized that in the context of the book of Galatians, when Paul speaks of “the law” he is refer- None Justified by Works ring to “law” in its wider, peculiarly Jewish sense, the Torah—that moral, civil, and
- What decisive question did Paul religious code developed from the Mosaic address to Peter before the congrega- system, which minutely governed the life of tion in Antioch? Gal. 2:14. the careful Jew. 3. How does the apostle reveal the mode by which his fellow believers NOTE.—”Peter’s sudden change of atti- have been “justified,” that is, reck- tude [about eating with Gentiles] would oned as righteous? Gal. 2:16, second require the Gentiles to comply with the part. demands of the Judaizers that they be cir- cumcised and observe Jewish rites if friendly relations between them and Jewish Chris- tians were to continue. This would virtu- NorE.—”When God . pardons the sinner, ally be compelling the Gentiles to live like remits the punishment he deserves, and Jews. Paul here points out the incon- treats him as though he had not sinned, sistency resulting from this attitude of He receives him into divine favor, and Christian Jews toward the Gentiles in the justifies him through the merits of Christ’s church.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on righteousness. The sinner can be justified Gal. 2:14. only through faith in the atonement made through God’s dear Son, who became a
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What knowledge of the process sacrifice for the sins of the guilty world. of salvation does Paul tactfully as- No one can be justified by any works of sume his brethren, the Jewish Chris- his own. He can be delivered from the tians, to possess? Gal. 2:15, 16, first guilt of sin, from the condemnation of the part. law, from the penalty of transgression, only by virtue of the suffering, death, and resurrection of Christ. Faith is the only condition upon which justification can be NOTE.—When Paul first preached the obtained, and faith includes not only belief gospel to the Galatians, he had taught them but trust. the doctrine of justification by faith in “Many have a nominal faith in Christ, Christ. Knowing that they were acquainted but they know nothing of that vital depen- with this fact, he now boldly states his con- dence upon Him which appropriates the clusion before presenting his reasons for merits of a crucified and risen Saviour.”— saying that men are not justified by ful- Selected Messages, b. 1, p. 389. fillment of the requirements of the Mosaic legal system but simply by faith in Jesus as their Saviour. He endeavors to make Dead to Law, Alive to God his conclusion as palatable as possible by appealing to the Jewish believers’ pride in 4. How does Paul forestall the their not having been Gentile or heathen charge that the doctrine of justifica- sinners. tion by faith represents Christ as con- In the statement, “A man is not justified doning sin? Gal. 2:17. by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ,” Paul brings his main theme into the open. We should not ex- pect a full explanation of the doctrine at NoTE.—The apostle foresaw the argu- this juncture, however, since he develops ments the legalists would bring against his it throughout the remainder of his epistle. interpretation of the gospel. Oh, said they, At this stage, we can accept it and wait your teaching that a man is justified by I 18 faith alone gives a man license to sin, for glory to God who gave him that new exis- all are sinners, even those who claim to be tence. His explanation of how this mo- justified by faith. Therefore you make mentous miracle was possible follows in Christ a supporter of sin. Far better, they verse 20. inferred, for a man to attempt to live with- out sin, and be justified by his relatively 7. In what glorious, ringing words blameless life. does Paul declare his complete faith To this reasoning Paul’s sharp rejoinder in Christ’s saving power, apart from was, “God forbid!” literally, “May it not any dependence on law? Gal. 2:20. be!” His next sentences explain why the legalists’ arguments are unsound.
- What appeal to his own experi- NoTE.—In the crucifixion of Christ, Paul ence does the apostle make in support recognized the inexorable demands of the of his stand against salvation by law which called for the death of the sin- works? Gal. 2:18. ner. But Christ voluntarily gave Himself to the cross. So did Paul. He agreed to be crucified with Christ. In doing this he, “through the law,” was “dead to the law.” Nart.—He had broken away from legal- Verse 19. His life had ended. Yet, as all ism. If he returned to it, he would be con- knew, he still lived. How was that pos- fessing that his interpretation of the gospel sible? That, he answered, was solely owing was wrong and that he had sinned by to the power of Him whom the grave could preaching it. His revelations from God not hold. He who, by His sinlessness, had would be in vain. conquered death, was living out His sin- less life in Paul’s person. When once that
- Why could Paul not return to spiritual fact is grasped, Paul’s position on his old legalistic creed? Gal. 2:19. freedom from the law is understandable, and his stand on the righteousness of Christ is seen to be real, based upon his own ex- perience. NoTE.—According to the conditions of 8. At what conclusion does Paul the old covenant under which the Judaizers were still trying to live, Paul had sinned, arrive concerning his stand in respect and was therefore as good, as dead. To a of law and salvation? Gal. 2:21. certain extent, the apostle agreed with this reasoning. “Paul says that as ‘touching the righ- teousness which is in the law’—as far as Personal Appeal to the Galatians outward acts were concerned—he Was `blameless’ (Philippians 3:6) ; but when the 9. With what declamation does spiritual character of the law was discerned, Paul express his judgment on the he saw himself a sinner. Judged by the Galatians’ doctrinal errors? Gal. 3:1, letter of the law as men apply it to the first part. outward life, he had abstained from sin; but when he looked into the depths of its holy precepts, and saw himself as God saw him, he bowed in humiliation and con- NOTE.—The writer’s sentiments are fessed his guilt. He says, ‘I was alive with- clearly revealed in his use of the words out the law once: but when the command- “foolish” and “bewitched.” He implies that ment came, sin revived, and I died.’ Romans if the Galatians follow the Judaizers’ teach- 7:9. When he saw the spiritual nature of ings, then they have taken leave of their the law, sin appeared in its true hideous- senses. ness, and his self-esteem was gone.”—Steps to Christ, pages 29, 30. 10. Why should the Galatians’ un- But Paul went further. If his old life derstanding of the science of salvation was dead, it was that he might live a new have been similar to Paul’s? Gal. 3:1, life by divine power, and might bring second part. [ 19 ] NoTE.—”The Galatians had understood NOTE.—A return to salvation by works the significance of Christ’s death. It had would be retrogressive after they had once been made as real to them as though they tasted the reality of salvation by faith in had witnessed it with their own eyes. They Christ’s redeeming life, death, and resur- had accepted this sacrifice as being neces- rection, as mediated by the Holy Spirit. sary for their justification. How could they now turn to the false doctrines they had 13. By what reference to their past recently accepted, as though all Paul had experience does Paul recall them to taught them was sheer fantasy?”—S.D.A. their original understanding of the Bible Commentary, on Gal. 3:1. gospel? Gal. 3:4.
- With what question does the writer seek to convince his readers of the source of their salvation? Gal. 3:2. NoTE.—Although there is no historical record of the Galatians’ having suffered persecution, it is unlikely that they escaped NoTE.—Reception of the Spirit was ex- what so many other churches had to en- pected of all Christians in the early church. dure. Paul was therefore justified in asking the Galatians if they had received the divine Questions for Meditation Gift by virtue of adherence to law or by exercise of faith, knowing they could give only one answer—by faith. Since that was 1. On whom am I depending for salva- so, the remainder of their religion had to tion—self, or Christ? rest on the same foundation. 2. Is Christ now living His victorious
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What appeal to reason does the life in me? apostle then make to his converts? 3. What personal help have I gained Gal. 3:3. from my study of this lesson?
Lesson 6, for November 7, 1964 The Just Live by Faith
MEMORY VERSE: “But the Scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.” Gal. 3:22. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 3:5-22. LESSON HELPS: “Patriarchs and Prophets,” pages 145-155; “The Desire of Ages,” pages 466-470; “S.D.A. Bible Commentary.” AIM: To learn that God has ever had only one way of justification; namely, that of faith in Christ Jesus.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Tuesday: Questions 7-9. ❑
learn memory verse. Wednesday: Questions 10-13. ❑ Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-6. Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑
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Lesson Outline: I11. God’s Promise to Abraham Dependable Introduction 7. The binding nature of human agree- I. The Gospel Preached to Abraham ments. Gal. 3:15. 1. The Spirit’s mode of operation. 8. God’s promise to Abraham rested Gal. 3:5. on Christ. Gal. 3:16. 2. Abraham, the father of the faithful. 9. That promise not annulled by the Gal. 3:6, 7. giving of the law. Gal. 3:17, 18. 3. The gospel preached to Abraham. Gal. 3:8, 9. IV. God’s Purpose in Giving the Law 10. The Jewish system of law in an
- Futility of Law, Efficacy of Faith
interim capacity. Gal. 3:19.
- Under law, under a curse. Gal. 11. Reliability of the promise that de- 3:10. pends on God. Gal. 3:20.
- Faith, not law, is man’s only means 12. Law not hostile to promise, but of justification. Gal. 3:11, 12. powerless to justify. Gal. 3:21.
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Faith in Christ’s substitutionary 13. All accounted sinners that all death saves Jew and Gentile. Gal. might profit from promise. Gal. 3:13, 14. 3:22.
THE LESSON Introduction NOTE.-"Paul was clearly the agent, or instrument, through whom God bestowed The passage assigned for this week's these remarkable endowments. Paul's point study ranges over several aspects of the is that his ministry, and their response to letter's main theme-justification by faith it, had been on the basis of faith, with no -and needs close attention if its meaning reliance on the provisions of the legal is to be discerned. In brief, Paul is saying system."-S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on that the doctrine of justification by faith Gal. 3:5. is not new. Even Abraham, so revered by Webster defines the word legalism as Judaism, was saved by faith in Christ and "strictness . . . in conforming to law, or not by works. Furthermore, such justifica- . . . to a code of deeds and observances as tion was not limited to Abraham; it could a means of justification." (Italics supplied.) be enjoyed by all who follow Abraham's The Judaizing teachers in Galatia taught example. The just, of any race, shall live that righteousness and the favor of God by faith. This has ever been God's assur- came by circumcision and rigid obedience to ance, and is not altered by the passage of Jewish law, not by faith in Christ alone. time. Today one may become a legalist by strict- "There are conditions to our receiving ness in obedience to God's Ten Command- justification and sanctification, and the ments as a means of justification. But the righteousness of Christ. . . . While good true Christian who has been justified by works will not save even one soul, yet it faith in Christ alone and who strictly obey's is impossible for even one soul to be saved God's law is not a legalist. True heart without good works. God saves us under obedience that is the result of a faith that a law, that we must ask if we would receive, works by love and purifies the soul is not seek if we would find, and knock if we legalism. Of John Wesley, after he had en- would have the door opened unto us."- tered into the experience of justification Selected Messages, b. 1, p. 377. through faith in Christ, Ellen White wrote: "He continued his strict and self-denying life, not now as the ground, but the result The Gospel Preached to Abraham of faith; not the root, but the fruit of holi- ness. The grace of God in Christ is the
- By what stimulating question foundation of the Christian’s hope, and did Paul alert the Galatians to the that grace will be manifested in obedience.” importance of faith? Gal. 3:5. -The Great Controversy, page 256. [21 1 2. To whose experience did the “The law of Moses was accompanied by apostle appeal by way of analogy, and marvelous blessings for obedience (Deut. what conclusion did he draw? Gal. 28:1-14) and fearful curses for disobedience (chs. 27:15-26; 28:15-68). The slightest 3:6, 7. deviation from the requirements of the law was sufficient to incur the curse. Legalism eventually deteriorated into a laborious NOTE.—In order to illustrate the efficacy effort to avoid incurring the curse of the law.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. of faith, Paul appealed to the experience of a righteous man, Abraham, whom the 3:10. Judaizers greatly extolled. He thus ap- 5. On what Old Testament declara- proached his opponents on their own tion does Paul base his views concern- ground, and called on sacred history to corroborate his interpretation of God’s will. ing the inability of law to justify? In so doing, he employed an illustration Gal. 3:11, 12. that was to serve him throughout much of the remainder of his letter. Since Abraham was reckoned righteous by his act of believing God (Gen. 15:6), NorE.—Again Paul meets his critics by all who exercise similar faith may count drawing support from the Old Testament. themselves as descendants of Abraham—a His quotation from Habakkuk 2:4 summa- descent on which the Jews placed great rizes much of what he has been teaching the store. Galatians—”The just shall live by faith,” or, as the phrase may also be translated,
- What interpretations of Scrip- “The just by faith shall live,” emphasizing ture did Paul advance concerning: (1) faith as the means that makes a person Justification of the heathen (or Gen- “just” or “righteous.” The legalists are tiles); (2) Abraham’s knowledge of therefore answered by one whom they the gospel; (3) Relationship between would not think of contradicting. Abraham and “they which be of 6. How did Christ redeem us from faith”? Gal. 3:8, 9. the curse of the law, and who par- ticularly benefited from His atoning act? Gal. 3:13, 14. NoTE.—”Through type and promise God `preached before the gospel unto Abraham.’ Galatians 3:8. And the patriarch’s faith was fixed upon the Redeemer to come. NoTE.—Our Lord’s “death upon the cross Said Christ to the Jews, ‘Your father atoned for ‘the transgressions that were Abraham rejoiced that he should see My under the first testament’ (Heb. 9:15) as day; and he saw it, and was glad.’ John well as those since the cross. Accordingly, 8:56, R.V., margin. The ram offered in the He took upon Himself ‘the curse’ incurred place of Isaac represented the Son of God, by those who, though living ‘under the who was to be sacrificed in our stead.”— law,’ looked forward in faith to the atone- Patriarchs and Prophets, page 154. ment He would one day provide.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 3:13. Futility of Law, Efficacy of Faith Since justification comes through faith in Christ, Gentiles as well as Jews have access
- What is the end result to those to it. who depend on their own observance of law for salvation? Gal. 3:10. God’s Promise to Abraham Dependable .
NoTE.—”The works of the law,” literally, 7. What pertinent lesson does Paul “works of law,” that is, compliance with the then draw from the making of human legal requirements of the Jewish religion. agreements? Gal. 3:15. [22 1 NoTE.—Having considered the implica- which Abraham lived that they needed tions of God’s promise to Abraham (verses specific guidance on conduct in order to 6-14), Paul now turns to ask how reliable understand the standards God expected of and lasting that promise will be. If men them. When Christ, the great Exemplar, are bound by human agreements, how came, much of that guidance would be no much more will God observe His own con- longer needed since those who followed tracts. Him would be molding their lives in har- mony with the divine will. From this
- With regard to the promise, angle, then, the Jewish system could be what far-reaching connection does the explained as serving in an interim capacity apostle establish between Abraham to fill the gap between the Exodus and and Christ? Gal. 3:16. the incarnation. The “law” of which Paul wrote in Ga- latians was of divine origin and had been mediated by Moses. Gal. 3:19. It was NoTE.—”In here declaring that Christ promulgated and became operative 430 was, in a special sense, the ‘seed’ promised years after the covenant promise to Abra- to Abraham, Paul does not exclude either ham of justification by faith in the prom- Abraham’s lineal descendants through Isaac ised Seed. Verses 6, 14-17. It was recorded (see Gal. 4:23) or his spiritual descendants in “the book of the law,” Deuteronomy. through Christ (see ch. 3:29). Accordingly, Verse 10; cf. Deut. 27:26. It was the the promise met its supreme, but not ex- norm of conduct that distinguished Jew clusive, fulfillment in Christ.”—S.D.A. Bible from Gentile. Gal. 2:14. It specified cer- Commentary, on Gal. 3:16. tain “works” as requisite to justification (verses 15, 16), such as circumcision (Gal.
- Why was God’s promise to 2:3; 5:2, 3; 6:12), ritual purity (Gal. 2: Abraham not invalidated by the Jew- 11-14), and the observance of appointed “days, and months, and times, and years” ish legal system which came 430 years (Gal. 4:10). It required compliance with afterwards? Gal. 3:17, 18. these prescribed “works” (Gal. 3:12; cf. Lev. 18:5), and inflicted a “curse” for non- compliance (Gal. 3:10). This “curse” iden- tifies the “law” of Galatians as the Deuter- NoTE.—No true worshiper of God would onomic law. Verses 10-13. See also the for a moment entertain the notion that general introduction to this series of lessons God’s solemn promise would be annulled on page 3. by the agreement made between the Lord In what sense was “the law” “added be- and the Hebrews at Sinai 430 years later. cause of transgressions”? The Abrahamic God’s promise, therefore, still stands, and covenant had already provided for justi- so does the faith by which the promise is fication by faith in the promised Seed. Gal. implemented. 3:6-9, 14-16. But because Abraham’s pos- terity transgressed the covenant and thereby rendered its provisions inoperative insofar God’s Purpose in Giving the Law as they were concerned (verse 19), God later supplemented it with the “law” as a
- Since law was superseded by “schoolmaster,” in order to make the cove- faith, of what value was the law? Gal. nant blessings operative until the promised 3:19. Seed should come (verses 19, 23, 24). The “law” did not annul or supersede the cove- nant, nor was it intended to provide an alternate means of attaining to justifica- NoTE.—Paul’s stress on the inability of tion, which means had already been pro- law to afford justification might have been vided by the covenant (verses 17-21) ; it interpreted as a denial that the law served was no more than a temporary provision any useful purpose. He therefore takes designed to enable men to enter into the time to explain that God introduced law blessings of the covenant until they could because of man’s sinfulness. Men had do so directly in Christ (Gal. 3:19, 23-25; fallen so far from the state of grace in 4:2-4). [ 23 ] 11. How else does Paul stress that Nom—Was “the law” added at Sinai the fulfillment of the new-covenant contrary to “the promises” made to Abra- promise is basically dependent on God ham 430 years before? Paul asks. Were the two mutually exclusive? By no means! alone? Gal. 3:20. “The law” was intended to help people find the justification by faith promised to Abra- ham. NoTE.—Although the wording of Gala- 13. For what purpose has the Scrip- tians 3:20 is obscure, it would appear that Paul is here drawing a contrast and stress- ture concluded all under sin? Gal. ing that the new covenant, “the promise,” 3:22. was a one-sided transaction, in that it de- pended on God’s faithfulness, unlike the old covenant, or the “law,” which was a two-party agreement. This fact makes the Questions for Meditation new superior to the old, for it is not weak- ened by man’s unreliability but made 1. In life’s tests do I exhibit a firm faith, strong by God’s immutability. as did Abraham? 2. Am I numbered among the just who
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What natural question does live by faith? Paul then anticipate, and what an- 3. Acknowledging myself a sinner, do I swer does he give? Gal. 3:21. trust in God’s promise for my salvation?
Lesson 7, for November 14, 1964 Heirs According to the Promise
MEMORY VERSE: “If ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs accord- ing to the promise.” Gal. 3:29. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 3:23-29; 4:1-7. STUDY HELPS: “Steps to Christ,” chapter “Growing Up Into Christ;” “S.D.A. Bible Commentary.” AIM: To teach how we may truly be sons and daughters of God.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Wednesday: Questions 11-13; begin
begin learning memory verse. ❑ reading study helps. ❑ Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-7. ❑ Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑ Tuesday: Questions 8-10. ❑
Lesson Outline: 2. To act as schoolmaster, leading us to Christ. Gal. 3:24. Introduction 3. To serve until Christ came. Gal. 3:25. I. Purpose of Law 11. Heirs by Faith in Christ 1. To preserve until faith’s arrival. 4. Gentiles become children of God by Gal. 3:23. faith. Gal. 3:26. [ 24 ] 5. Baptism opens the way to sonship. 9. Christians, before conversion, were Gal. 3:27. also restricted. Gal. 4:3. 6. All one in Christ. Gal. 3:28. 10. God took action to liberate from those restrictions. Gal. 4:4. 7. God’s promise to Abraham fulfilled 11. God acted to redeem, then to adopt to Christians. Gal. 3:29. those He redeemed. Gal. 4:5. I11. From Servants to Sons 12. The newly adopted recognize God as their Father. Gal. 4:6. 8. A minor is no freer than a servant. 13. Sons of God become heirs of God. Gal. 4:1, 2. Gal. 4:7.
THE LESSON
Introduction 2. What temporary function did
the law fulfill? Gal. 3:24. Paul's emphasis on faith in effecting justi- fication has raised the question, "Of what use, then, was the law?" This is a profit- able query to which some attention has NoTE.—The Greek word here translated already been given in Galatians 3:19-22, "schoolmaster" (paidagogos) means "a 'tu- but which needs the further examination tor,' or 'guardian,' of children; literally, 'a that Paul gives it in the passage we shall leader of children,' but not a 'teacher' (di- study this week. daskalos). In Greek households the paid- The apostle sees the giving of the law, agogos was a supervisor of, and companion that is, the whole Mosaic code, as an in- to, boys. He accompanied them to school, terim measure, designed to guide mankind protected them from harm, kept them from in God's ways until Jesus should come and mischief, and had the right to discipline more fully reveal His Father's will. With them. . . . 'The law' served as the guard- Christ's appearing, the need for the types ian, supervisor, or custodian of the chosen and ceremonies that had foreshadowed His people in OT times, and like the paidagogos, coming passed away, the Levitical law had was charged with their moral training."— fulfilled its purpose, and men could enjoy S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 3:24. a new relationship to the God whom His Son so clearly revealed. Because of Christ's 3. Until what time was the law in- life and death, all men, irrespective of their tended to serve as schoolmaster? Gal. national origins, could be accounted sons 3:25. of God. This obliterated the customary distinctions between Jew and Gentile and placed all on the same footing. Again read the introductory note on NoTE.—The context makes clear that page 3. when Paul speaks of "the schoolmaster"
bringing us "unto Christ," he refers to the
Purpose of Law experience "under the law" of Israel in Old
Testament times prior to the coming of 1. Before Christ came, what did the Christ "in the fullness of time." Gal. 4:4. law do for Jews? Gal. 3:23. God provided the Jews with a "school-
master" to help them find salvation by
faith, as promised to Abraham, until Christ
came and made justification by faith a liv- NoTE.—The law could also have guided ing reality. the Gentiles, but the Jews had mistakenly "Before faith came" (Gal. 3:23) means restricted it to themselves, misinterpreted before Christ came "that we might be it, and loaded it down with their human justified by faith" (verse 24). Then, "after traditions. This interpretation of the legal that faith is come" (verse 25)—that is, code prevented most of the Jews from after Christ came—those who served God being ready for the supreme revelation— were no longer "under a schoolmaster" the appearing of our Lord and Saviour. (verse 25).
[ 25 ]
Heirs by Faith in Christ God’s children prior to Christ’s first advent? Gal. 4:1, 2.
- In view of what he has been saying, what welcome announcement did Paul make to the Galatians? How had they become children of God? NOTE.—”Paul here stresses the utter de- pendence of an heir during his minority. Gal. 3:26. He is kept under constant surveillance to prevent him from wasting his inheritance (cf. Luke 15:11-32). In OT times God placed Israel under the guardianship of the NoTE.—The Judaizers had been trying to legal system, which was intended to point convince the Galatians that they could only them forward to the coming Messiah and become the saved children of God by ob- to lead them to have faith in Him.”—S.D.A. servance of Jewish ritual. Paul here sweeps Bible Commentary, on Gal. 4:2. that reasoning entirely away and declares that they may become God’s children solely 9. Before Christ came, to what were by the exercise of faith in Christ. men subject? Gal. 4:3.
- What ceremony marks the Chris- tian’s entrance into sonship with God? Gal. 3:27. 10. At what predetermined time did God set about liberating those who were bound down by Judaism?
- In what comprehensive state- Gal. 4:4. ment did Paul stress the believers’ oneness in Christ? Gal. 3:28. NOTE.—”The fullness of time” refers to the time appointed by the Father. Much background to the plan of salvation is re- vealed in this verse. From it we learn that NOTE.—”Christ came to this earth with God worked to a timetable, that Father a message of mercy and forgiveness. He and Son jointly fulfilled the divine pro- laid the foundation for a religion by which gram, that the Son existed before His birth Jew and Gentile, black and white, free and in Bethlehem, that He shared in mankind’s bond, are linked together in one common humanity, and that He was born “under brotherhood, recognized as equal in the law,” or under Judaism. sight of God. The Saviour has a boundless “Man’s need for a divine teacher was love for every human being.”—Testimonies, known in heaven. The pity and sympathy vol. 7, p. 225. of God were aroused in behalf of human beings, fallen and bound to Satan’s chariot
- On the basis of sacred history, to car; and when the fullness of time was what satisfying conclusion did Paul come, He sent forth His Son. The One ap- come? Gal. 3:29. pointed in the councils of heaven came to this earth as man’s instructor. The rich benevolence of God gave Him to our world, and to meet the necessities of human nature NoTE.—The apostle here shows that by He took humanity upon Himself.”—Coun- faith in Christ the Christian, as a spiritual sels to Parents, Teachers, and Students, child of Abraham, who also believed in page 259. Christ for his salvation, is heir to the prom- ise that God gave to Abraham. Compare 11. What twofold objective was verses 8, 14, 16. God accomplishing by the sending of His Son? Gal. 4:5. from Servants to Sons
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In continuance of his argument, NoTE.—On the cross, Jesus redeemed or how did Paul explain the state of bought back those who had previously been [ 26 ] in bondage to law. He also made it pos- the dearest associations of the human heart. sible for them to become “sons” of God by He gives us the privilege of calling the in- adoption into the divine family. finite God our Father. This name, spoken “Through transgression the sons of man to Him and of Him, is a sign of our love become subjects of Satan. Through faith and trust toward Him, and a pledge of His in the atoning sacrifice of Christ the sons regard and relationship to us.”—Christ’s of Adam may become the sons of God. By Object Lessons, pages 141, 142. assuming human nature, Christ elevates humanity. Fallen men are placed where, 13. To what final privilege does the through connection with Christ, they may Lord’s plan eventually lead the Chris- indeed become worthy of the name ‘sons tian? Gal. 4:7. of God.’“—Steps to Christ, page 15.
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What deeper understanding of God’s nature follows the Christian’s Questions for Meditation adoption as a son of God? Gal. 4:6. 1. Has my baptism led me to “put on Christ” in my everyday life? 2. Among my brethren, do I make dis- NOTE.—”In order to strengthen our con- tinctions that Christ will not recognize? fidence in God, Christ teaches us to address 3. Am I indisputably a son or daughter Him by a new name, a name entwined with of God?
Lesson 8, for November 21, 1964 Paul, the Ardent Evangelist MEMORY VERSE: "For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that be- lieve." 1 Cor. 1:21. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 4:8-20. STUDY HELPS: "The Acts of the Apostles," pages 201-210, 359-371; "S.D.A. Bible Commentary." AIM: To find personal inspiration in Paul's earnest, dedicated life of service. DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Tuesday: Questions 9-11. ❑ begin learning memory verse. ❑ Wednesday: Questions 12, 13; read Sunday: Questions 1-3; begin from study helps. ❑ reading study helps. Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-8. ❑ Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑
Lesson Outline: Introduction 2. Now had backslidden to legalism. I. The Backsliding Galatians Gal. 4:9. 1. Had formerly worshiped false gods. 3. Were bound by a formal religion. Gal. 4:8. Gal. 4:10. [ 27 ] 11. The Anxious Apostle Ill. The Dedicated Evangelist 4. Fearful lest his ministry had been in 9. Telling the truth not a sign of vain. Gal. 4:11. enmity. Gal. 4:16. 5. Makes a personal appeal to his con- 10. Cautions against following zealous verts. Gal. 4:12. Judaizers. Gal. 4:17. 6. Recalls his physical weakness when 11. Makes appeal for Christian con- he first preached to the Galatians. sistency. Gal. 4:18. Gal. 4:13. 12. Has parental concern for his 7. Recounts their willing acceptance of spiritual children. Gal. 4:19. his ministry. Gal. 4:14. 13. Desires to be with his converts. 8. Declares their readiness to help him Gal. 4:20. at that time. Gal. 4:15.
THE LESSON
Introduction known of Him, are you really going to
turn to the barren practices of Judaism?" After sustained theological reasoning, By confronting them with the spiritual Paul changes the tone of his letter and poverty of legalism, he hoped to bring them makes a personal appeal to his dear but to their senses, and to wean them from "the wayward congregations by reminding them weak and beggarly elements." of the circumstances under which he first preached the gospel to them. The earnest 3. Under Judaistic pressures, into tones of his entreaties make themslves heard even through the written word. It is what unprofitable observances were apparent that the evangelist has a passion- the Galatians slipping? Gal. 4:10. ate concern for those whom he has brought to Christ. We shall do well to emulate his example by similarly caring for those whom we introduce to the Saviour. NOTE.-"The Sabbath is different from
all the other feasts and holy convocations
(see vs. 37, 38) in that it originated at
The Backsliding Galatians creation (Gen. 2:1-3), whereas the annual 1. Because of their ignorance, in feasts and `sabbaths' had their origin with
the Jewish nation. The seventh-day Sab- what worship were the. Galatians bath 'was made for man' (Mark 2:27), and formerly engaged? Gal. 4:8. hence is of obligation for all men for-
ever; the annual feasts were made for the
Jews and ceased to be of obligation when
type met Antitype at the death of Christ Nara-Paul now addresses himself spe- (Col. 2:16, 17). The seventh-day Sabbath cifically to the Galatians and reminds them is incorporated in the law of God, the Ten of the time when they worshiped idols. He Commandments, His constitution for this does this with a view to discouraging them world. Because it was made before sin en- from taking backward steps when they tered, it will remain after sin is no more have been led to serve the true God. He (Isa. 66:22, 23). On the other hand, the does not condemn them for their earlier annual Jewish feasts were of only temporal, idolatry, which was done in ignorance. local, ceremonial application, fitted to con- Compare Acts 17:30. ditions in Palestine, and could not be made
of worldwide application."-S.D A. Bible 2. After their conversion, what Commentary, on Lev. 23:3. backward steps had the membe
rs in Galatia taken? Gal. 4:9.
The Anxious Apostle
4. What fear did Paul have re- NOTE.-In genuine surprise the apostle specting his Galatian converts? Gal. asks: "Having come to know God and be 4:11.
[ 287
5. With what personal appeal did The Dedicated Evangelist the apostle then approach his back- sliding people? Gal. 4:12. 9. How does the apostle make the Galatians face up to the consistency of his position? Gal. 4:16. NoTE.—For the Gentiles’ sake Paul had abandoned Judaism. Did it then make sense for the Gentile Galatians to embrace NorE.—Paul was no more their enemy Jewish customs and to pin their hope’s of now than when he first brought them the salvation upon them? Certainly not. Let gospel. He was telling them the truth, as them follow Paul’s pattern then, and be he had always done. His “appeal . . . ap- model Gentile Christians. parently had a beneficial effect (cf. AA The closing phrase of verse 12 is better 388). The fact that the Galatians preserved understood in conjunction with verses his letter testifies to the fact that they re- 13-15. sponded to his appeal and treasured it as
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What had been Paul’s physical the instrument of their salvation. This fact suggests their appreciation for his interest condition when he first preached to in them and their acceptance of the truth the Galatians? Gal. 4:13. he again brought to their minds.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 4:16.
10. How does Paul unmask the "Paul had a bodily affliction; his eyesight Judaizers' designs? Gal. 4:17. was bad. He thought that by earnest prayer the difficulty might be removed. But the Lord had His own purpose, and he said to Paul, Speak to Me no more of this matter. My grace is sufficient. It will en- NorE.—The Judaizing legalists were zeal- able you to bear the infirmity."—Ellen G. ously seeking to win the Galatians to their White Comments, S.D.A. Bible Commen- side, but from objectionable motives. They tary, vol. 6, p. 1107. put pressure on the Christians, asserting that if they did not conform to Judaism - How had the Galatians reacted they would be lost. This led the Christians to follow the Judaizers and to turn against to Paul’s apparently unprepossessing Paul. appearance? Gal. 4:14. 11. With what hint does the apos- tle encourage the Galatians to con- sistent Christian behavior? Gal. 4:18.
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What would the converts have gladly done for Paul? Gal. 4:15.
Nom—The teacher approved of his pu- pils' being zealous, provided their zeal was NOTE .—When the gospel first came to for a good cause, and that it was consist- the Galatians they gladly embraced it and ently maintained even when he was absent experienced great happiness in their new- from them. found faith. In their joy they would have "My brother, you will meet with trials, done anything to help him who had brought but hold fast your integrity. Never show the message, even to the giving of their anything but a noble spirit. The heavenly eyes—an understandable gesture, in view of universe is watching the conflict. Satan is the apostle's poor eyesight. It would seem, watching, anxious to catch you off your however, that the new believers lost their guard, anxious to see you acting impetu- first rapture. Trust in salvation by works ously, that he may obtain the advantage cannot bring the joy felt by those who over you. Fight manfully the battle of the believe in salvation by faith in Jesus, for Lord. Do just as Christ would do were He it rests on too flimsy a base—self! in your place."—Testimonies, vol. 8, p. 132. [ 29 )12. In what moving metaphors As it is, he is perplexed about their attitude does Paul illustrate his deep concern and their condition. In his concern for his for the Galatians? Gal. 4:19. flock, Paul is an example for all Christian workers. “What is a watchman for, unless it be to watch for evil and give the warning? What NoTE.—The Galatians’ attitude had not is a shepherd for, unless it be to watch for alienated Paul’s affections from them. Like every danger lest the sheep be harmed and a devoted and loving parent, he yearned destroyed by wolves? What excuse could over them, willing to move heaven and a shepherd plead for suffering the flock to earth that the character of Christ might be stray from the true pasture, and be torn once more reproduced in their lives. and scattered and devoured by wolves?”— Testimonies, vol. 1, p. 314.
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How does Paul further express his anxiety concerning the Galatians? Questions for Meditation Gal. 4:20. 1. Have I gone back to any of the sinful ways I abandoned when I was converted? NoTE.—The faithful minister longs to be 2. Has God’s love for me been in any by the side of his wavering congregation. way in vain? He could then winsomely persuade them of 3. How does my love for souls compare their mistake, and woo them back to Christ. with that of Paul?
Lesson 9, for November 28, 1964 Slave or Free MEMORY VERSE: "But ye are come unto Mount Zion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels." Heb. 12:22. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 4:21-31. STUDY HELPS: "Patriarchs and Prophets," pages 363-373; "Prophets and Kings," pages 367-374; "S.D.A. Bible Commentary." AIM: To find encouragement to be genuine children of God's promise. DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; reading study helps. ❑ start learning memory verse. ❑ Wednesday: Questions 10-12; read Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ from study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-7. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Tuesday: Questions 8, 9; begin Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑
Lesson Outline: 3. Significant difference between the Introduction two sons. Gal. 4:23. I. Two Mothers, Two Sons 11. Two Covenants 1. An abrupt question. Gal. 4:21. 4. Description and interpretation of 2. Reference to Ishmael and Isaac. Paul’s illustration. Gal. 4:24, first Gal. 4:22. part. [ 30 ] 5. Explanation of the first covenant. 9. Enmity between the child of law Gal. 4:24 (last part), 25. and the child of promise. Gal. 4:29, 6. Identification of the other covenant. first part. Gal. 4:26. 10. Persistence of the original enmity. 7. Scriptural support for Paul’s in- Gal. 4:29, last part. terpretation. Gal. 4:27. 11. God’s evaluation of the two cove- nants. Gal. 4:30. Ill. Two Children 12. Paul’s conclusion from his study. Gal. 4:31. 8. Paul applies his teaching to the Galatians. Gal. 4:28.
THE LESSON
Introduction Although we regard obedience to the
Ten Commandments as an important Chris- Our previous lesson saw Paul rest from tian duty, we must always remember that his intensely theological approach to the the Decalogue cannot justify the sinner, the Galatians' difficulties while he made a per- transgressor of the law, for "the law can- sonal appeal on the basis of his ministry not in any way remove the guilt or par- among them. In this week's study, how- don the transgressor."—Selected Messages, ever, the apostle abruptly, even sternly, re- b. 1, p. 213. sumes his theological argument. By way "It is the province of the law to con- of illustration, he again refers to Abraham, demn, but there is in it no power to but concentrates on the lessons to be pardon or to redeem. It is ordained to life; learned from the patriarch's two principal those who walk in harmony with its pre- sons, Ishmael and Isaac. Paul sees in them cepts will receive the reward of obedience. the exemplars of two opposing ways of But it brings bondage and death to those spiritual life: Ishmael, the result of Abra- who remain under its condemnation."— ham's own effort to fulfill the Lord's de- Ibid., pp. 236, 237. The sinner's only hope, sign; Isaac, the fruitage of God's promise. therefore, is to turn in repentance to Christ, They symbolize the irreconcilable conflict his Redeemer from sin, and to receive par- between justification by works and justi- don, in place of condemnation for having fication by faith. transgressed the law, and the enabling grace
to obey it today and tomorrow.
Two Mothers, Two Sons 2. By which of Abraham's family
experiences did Paul illustrate his 1. With what abrupt transition teaching? Gal. 4:22. does Paul return to his consideration of law and faith? Gal. 4:21.
NOTE.—"The story related was a simple
fact of Jewish history, but Paul uses it in
an allegorical sense (v. 24) to show the dif- NoTE.—In verses 8 to 21 of this chapter ference between being in bondage to the the apostle employs an intensely personal ceremonial system and enjoying the free- approach to his wandering converts. Here, dom that comes from faith in Jesus Christ. without warning, he changes his tactics and . . . The false teachers had doubtless been fires a sudden question at them. "Do you emphasizing the blessing of being sons of who desire to be 'under law' know what Abraham. . . . Paul reminds the Galatians the law says?" The verses that follow show that Abraham had two sons and that one that he has the Pentateuch in mind when fell heir to the covenant promises while the asking, "Do ye not hear the law?" since other did not (Gen. 17:19-21). Simply be- he goes on to consider early patriarchal ing 'sons' of Abraham was no guarantee of history and not the Levitical code as on receiving the covenant promises."—S.D.A. several previous occasions. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 4:22.
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3. What distinction between Abra- He likens the Egyptian woman to Mount ham’s two sons does Paul stress? Gal. Sinai, which he immediately compares to 4:23. Jerusalem or the Judaism whose zealots are trying to draw the Galatian believers into their fold. But, warns Paul, the Judaizers and their dupes are slaves (to legalism) no Two Covenants less surely than were Hagar and her chil- dren in bondage.
- How does Paul describe and in- 6. By contrast, what is the position terpret his illustration? Gal. 4:24, of those who trust in the other cove- first part. nant? Gal. 4:26.
Num.—An allegory may be defined as a NOTE.—As old Jerusalem stood for salva- description of one thing under the image of tion by works, so the New, or heavenly, Je- another. In this case Paul sees deeper rusalem stands for righteousness by faith. meaning in the historical account of As the old city is depicted as the mother of Ishmael, Isaac, and their mothers: He sees the legalists and all who trust in their own them as illustrating the differing natures of efforts, so the celestial city is called "the the new and old covenants. One depended mother of us all," that is, of all Christians, for its fulfillment on the people's own ef- irrespective of racial origin, so long as they forts, even as Ishmael came from Abra- trust in Christ for salvation. ham's own efforts to obtain an heir. The other depended on the people's faith in the 7. What Scriptural promise does Lord for salvation, even as Isaac was the Paul quote in support of his inter- child of Abraham's faith in God's promise pretations? Gal. 4:27. to give him an heir. Abraham's mistake was in relying on his own efforts to accomplish God's purpose for him. He "had accepted without ques- NOTE.—By this quotation from Isaiah tion the promise of a son, but he did not 54:1, Paul claims that the Gentile Christian wait for God to fulfill His word in His own church will have many more children or time and way. A delay was permitted, to members than will her rival, Judaism. Time test his faith in the power of God; but he has proved the claim to be no empty boast. failed to endure the trial. Thinking it im- The church that the Judaizers were trying possible that a child should be given her to undermine soon left far behind the in her old age, Sarah suggested, as a plan Jewish community, whether orthodox or by which the divine purpose might be ful- pseudo-Christian. Once again, however, filled, that one of her handmaidens should be Paul expected his readers to remember that taken by Abraham as a secondary wife."— this was due to no human merit but to Patriarchs and Prophets, page 145. Abra- God's goodness, for the church's Maker was ham followed that suggestion, and had a the husband who provided her with chil- son by Hagar. Hence Ishmael "was born dren. after the flesh" (verse 29), that is, by de- pendence solely on human effort instead of by faith in God's promise and ability to do Two Children for Abraham what he could not do for him- self. 8. How does Paul directly apply
his interpretation to the experience of
5. What explanation does the apos- his converts? Gal. 4:28. tle give of the first covenant? Gal. 4:24 (last part), 25.
NOTE.—"You cannot atone for your past
sins; you cannot change your heart and NoTE.—In two steps Paul spans the gulf make yourself holy. But God promises to that lay between Hagar and the Galatians. do all this for you through Christ. You
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believe that promise. You confess your NOTE.—”The solution of the problem that sins and give yourself to God. You will to faced the church in Galatia and elsewhere serve Him. Just as surely as you do this, was not to blend Judaism with Christian- God will fulfill His word to you.”—Steps to ity, but to ‘cast out’ the principle of Juda- Christ, page 51. izing, together with all who promoted it. Salvation by works is altogether incom-
- What enmity had existed be- patible with salvation by faith. . . . A tween the two principal sons of Abra- blend of the two is impossible, for once ham? Gal. 4:29, first part. faith is diluted by works it ceases to be pure faith.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 4:30. •
NoTE.—The presence of Ishmael, “born 12. What conclusion did Paul draw after the flesh,” in Abraham’s home, made from his allegorical interpretation of life difficult for Isaac, who “was born after the patriarchal story? Gal. 4:31. the Spirit,” or, by promise. See Gen. 21: 8-11. In a wider sense, Ishmael’s descend- ants, the Arabs, have frequently persecuted Isaac’s people, the Jews. NOTE.—”The spirit of bondage is engen- dered by seeking to live in accordance with
- How was that enmity mani- legal religion, through striving to fulfill the festing itself in the world of Paul and claims of the law in our own strength. the Galatians? Gal. 4:29, last part. There is hope for us only as we come un- der the Abrahamic covenant, which is the covenant of grace by faith in Christ Jesus. The gospel preached to Abraham, through NOTE.—Those who listened to the reading which he had hope, was the same gospel of Paul’s epistle needed but little reminder that is preached to us today, through which of the truth of the apostle’s word: “Even we have hope. Abraham looked unto Jesus, so it is now.” They well knew what the who is also the Author and the Finisher of evangelist had suffered at the hands of the our faith.”—Ellen G. White Comments, Jews, and what they themselves would S.D.A. Bible Commentary, vol. 6, p. 1077. have to bear if they resisted the blandish- ments of the Judaizers. The children of the Questions for Meditation flesh have ever persecuted the children of faith, and will do so again today if their 1. Am I, like Abraham, wanting to live teachings are not accepted. by faith yet hindering God’s plan by tak- ing matters into my own hands?
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By what appeal to Abrahamic 2. In respect of legalism, am I slave or history did the apostle establish God’s free? evaluation of the two covenants? Gal. 3. Is my faith in God’s promise strong 4:30. enough to save me from my sin?
FOREIGN-LANGUAGE SABBATH-SCHOOL LESSON QUARTERLIES
The senior "Sabbath School Lesson Quarterly" is published in the following foreign languages: Armenian, Chinese, Czech, Fin- nish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Nor- wegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Ukrainian, and Yugoslay. Write to the Pacific Press Publishing As- sociation, Mountain View, California 94041, for any of these quarterlies for the strangers within your gates. 33Lesson 10, for December 5, 1964
Christian Liberty
MEMORY VERSE: “For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision availeth anything, nor uncircumcision; but faith which worketh by love.” Gal. 5:6. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 5:1-12. STUDY HELPS: “The Desire of Ages,” pages 497-505, 606-608; “Thoughts From the Mount of Blessing,” pages 45-52, 73-76 (old ed. pp. 73-85, 113-115); “S.D.A. Bible Commentary.” AIM: To help us enjoy true Christian liberty—freedom from sin, and freedom from a crippling legalism.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; reading study helps. ❑
start learning memory verse. ❑ Wednesday: Questions 11-13; read Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-4. ❑ from study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 5-7. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Tuesday: Questions 8-10; begin Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑
Lesson Outline: 6. The Christian hopes for righteous- ness by faith Gal. 5:5. Introduction 7. The only quality that counts with Christ. Gal. 5:6. I. Legalism or Liberty? I11. Dangerous Leaven 1. A positive admonition. Gal. 5:1, 8. Early promise not fulfilled. Gal. first part. 5:7. 2. A negative plea. Gal. 5:1, last 9. False teaching did not originate part. 3. The incompatibility of Christ and with Paul. Gal. 5:8. 10. Danger of growing apostasy. Gal. legalism. Gal. 5:2. 5:9. 4. Legalists undertake a burdensome 11. Paul believes that Galatians will re- task. Gal. 5:3. main loyal, and the Judaizers will
- Righteousness by Faith be punished. Gal. 5:10.
12. Paul’s own sufferings testify to the
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The unchristian position of those soundness of his doctrine. Gal. 5:11. who attempt justification by law. 13. The false teachers indicted. Gal. Gal. 5:4. 5:12.
THE LESSON Introduction freedom. In the passage chosen for this week's study, the apostle extends that In chapter 4, verses 21-31, Paul contrasted theme. He shows that those who asserted the child of flesh with the child of faith the necessity of observing a part of the and established the superiority of the sec- ritual law obliged themselves to observe it ond, especially with regard to its spiritual all; while Christians, depending on righ- [ 34 jteousness by faith, are free from all such NOTE.—”But the law provides for no obligations because they live “in Jesus selectivity—it is either all or none. One Christ.” A further contrast emerges from who accepted circumcision [as a step considering the ministries of false teachers toward salvation] thereby expressed be- and himself. The persecutions endured by lief in the whole system and agreed to Paul bear effective witness to the truth of submit to all its demands.”—S.D.A. Bible his teachings. Commentary, on Gal. 5:3.
Legalism or Liberty? Righteousness by Faith
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- On the basis of his conclusions 5. What is the position of the concerning Christian freedom, what Christian who attempts to be justi- positive admonition does Paul give fied by law keeping? Gal. 5:4. the Galatians? Gal. 5:1, first part.
NOTE.—”Paul pleaded with those who NOTE.—”The only way in which he [the had once known in their lives the power sinner] can attain to righteousness is of God, to return to their first love of through faith. By faith he can bring to gospel truth. With unanswerable arguments God the merits of Christ, and the Lord he set before them their privilege of be- places the obedience of His Son to the coming free men and women in Christ, sinner’s account. Christ’s righteousness is through whose atoning grace all who make accepted in place of man’s failure, and God full surrender are clothed with the robe of receives, pardons, justifies, the repentant, His righteousness.”—The Acts of the Apos- believing soul, treats him as though he tles, page 388. were righteous, and loves him as He loves His Son. This is how faith is accounted
- What earnest, negative plea does righteousness; and the pardoned soul goes the apostle make to the believers? Gal. on from grace to grace, from light to a 5:1, last part. greater light.”—Selected Messages, b. 1, p. 367. 6. What hope does the true Chris, Nom.—Paul had no doubt as to the tian cherish? Gal. 5:5. nature of the teaching to which the Gala- tians were exposed: It condemned them to slavery on the treadmill of attempting salvation by works. He longed to rescue them from this fatal course. NOTE.—”While the law is holy, the Jews could not attain righteousness by their own
- How compatible are legalism efforts to keep the law. The disciples of and Christ? Gal. 5:2. Christ must obtain righteousness of a dif- ferent character from that of the Pharisees, if they would enter the kingdom of heaven. God offered them, in His Son, the per- Nom.—The legalists maintained that the fect righteousness of the law. If they would Jewish rite of circumcision was still es- open their hearts fully to receive Christ, sential for salvation. Paul believed that the then the very life of God, His love, would rite was but part of a temporary code that dwell in them, transforming them into His was rendered unnecessary by the saving own likeness; and thus through God’s free ministry of Christ. To insist, then, on the gift they would possess the righteousness need for circumcision was to deny the ef- which the law requires.”—Thoughts From ficacy of the Saviour’s work. the Mount of Blessing, pages 54, 55.
4. To what burdensome task do 7. What is it that "avails" with legalists commit themselves? Gal. 5:3. Jesus Christ? Gal. 5:6.
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worked through Paul. Many modern trans- lations prefer to apply it to God. “Let the Sabbath school les- son be learned, not by a 10. How does Paul assess the dan- hasty glance at the lesson ger arising from the experience of the scripture on Sabbath morn- Galatians? Gal. 5:9. ing, but by careful study for the next week on Sabbath afternoon, with daily review Nom—As a small amount of yeast will or illustration during the affect a large amount of dough, so the per- nicious teachings of a few Judaizers were week. Thus the lesson will capable of leading a whole church astray. become fixed in the memory, a treasure never to be wholly 11. What confidence does the apos- lost.”—Counsels on Sabbath tle cherish concerning his flock, and School Work, page 43. what certainty respecting the Juda- izers? Gal. 5:10.
NOTE.—”In no sense does Paul condemn those who have been circumcised; he sim- NOTE.—Paul knew his converts, and had ply warns that when a person is ‘in Jesus faith that their good judgment would tri- Christ’ it makes no difference whether he is umph over wrong teachings. Just as surely circumcised. The decisive factor is faith. he believed that any who attempted to dis- Circumcision itself is a matter of indiffer- tort the Christian faith would meet just ence to Christians, so far as anything be- punishment. yond the physical aspect is concerned, but with the supposed religious value of the rite 12. What pertinent question bear- and the concept of works-righteousness it ing on his own experience does Paul connotes, Christianity is unalterably at pose to the Galatians? Gal. 5:11. war.”—S.D.A. Bible Commentary, on Gal. 5:6. Dangerous Leaven NOTE .—It would appear that some claimed that Paul favored the rite of cir-
- After acknowledging the Gala- cumcision, probably because he had led tians’ early attainments, what factual Timothy to submit to it. Acts 16:1, 3. The inquiry does Paul make? Gal. 5:7. apostle disposes of that misconstruction, however, by asking why he still was per- secuted by the Jews if he supported circum- cision and other legal requirements. His NOTE.—Paul, ever willing to give credit record gave the lie to his detractors. where it may be deserved, acknowledges the good beginning the believers had made, 13. What extreme course does Paul but obliges them to recognize that they suggest the legalists might as well have been led astray by false teachers. take? Gal. 5:12.
- To what firm conclusion does the apostle come concerning the ori- gin of the Galatian heresy? Gal. 5:8. Nom—Paul is not here calling down a terrible punishment upon those who are misdirecting the Galatians, but is simply pointing out that if they insist on circum- NOTE.—The phrase, “him that calleth cision, they might as well go still further you,” may refer either to Paul who took and mutilate themselves after the manner the gospel to Galatia, or to God who of some heathen priests of their day. f 36 ] Questions for Meditation 2. What part does love-producing faith play in my life?
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Am I standing fast in Christian lib- erty, or am I attempting to achieve justi- 3. If Paul knew me, how confident would fication by works? he be of my religious integrity?
Lesson 11, for December 12, 1964 The Spirit-Controlled Life MEMORY VERSE: "The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentle- ness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance: against such there is no law." Gal. 5:22, 23. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 5:13-26. STUDY HELPS: "Christ's Object Lessons," pages 62-75 (1923 ed., pp. 61-73); "Steps to Christ," chapter, "The Test of Discipleship;" "S.D.A. Bible Commentary." AIM: To encourage us to develop Spirit-controlled lives. DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Wednesday: Questions 11-13; begin start learning memory verse. ❑ reading study helps. ❑ Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. ❑ Monday: Questions 4-6. ❑ Friday: Review entire lesson. ❑ Tuesday: Questions 7-10. ❑
Lesson Outline: I11. Works of the Flesh, Fruit of the Spirit Introduction 7. Works of flesh. Gal. 5:19, 20, 21, I. Law Fulfilled in Love first part. 1. The right use of Christian liberty. 8. No hope for carnal man to enter Gal. 5:13. the kingdom. Gal. 5:21, last part. 2. Inspired summary of the law. Gal. 9. Fruit of the Spirit. Gal. 5:22, 23, 5:14. first part. 3. The danger of contentiousness. Gal. 10. No law against a Spirit-controlled 5:15. life. Gal. 5:23, last part.
- Flesh Against Spirit IV. The Consistent Christian
- Walk in the Spirit and sin not. 11. The Christian way with carnal de- Gal. 5:16. sires. Gal. 5:24.
- Conflict between flesh and Spirit. 12. Appeal for practice to harmonize Gal. 5:17. with profession. Gal. 5:25.
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Led by the Spirit, free from law. 13. Simple application of the appeal. Gal. 5:18. Gal. 5:26.
THE LESSON Introduction logical. But none knew better than he the close, almost inseparable connection be- Until this point in his letter, Paul's main tween theology and conduct. It is not sur- concern with the Galatians has been theo- prising, therefore, to find him turning to [ 37 ]the fruitage that Judaizing influence was that he also supports the first, which sum- bearing in the lives of his friends. That marizes the first four of the Ten Command- influence was harmful. The Galatians were ments. becoming forgetful of Christ’s law of love, were tending to be contentious, and were 3. If the Galatians failed to exer- allowing immorality to creep in among cise love toward one another, what them. In view of the meticulous claims probably would be their end? Gal. of the false teachers concerning observance 5:15. of law, this was ironical, but such is the devil’s way of destroying his captives—his ways are the ways of death. As a challenge to the destructive influ- NozE.—Paul “sought to impress upon his ence of the Judaizers Paul holds high the brethren the importance of trying to help standards set by the Holy Spirit. These one another in love. He declared that all are the standards to which we should the requirements of the law setting forth aspire. our duty to our fellowmen are fulfilled in love to one another. He warned them that Law Fulfilled in Love if they indulged hatred and strife, dividing into parties, and like the brutes biting and
- What appeal does Paul make devouring one another, they would bring for the right use of Christian liberty? upon themselves present unhappiness and Gal. 5:13. future ruin. There was but one way to prevent these terrible evils and that was, as the apostle enjoined upon them, to ‘walk in the Spirit.’ “—Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 243. NOTE.—”Liberty is not to be confused with license. True love for God leads one Flesh Against Spirit to seek to understand and do the will of God. God’s love and grace do not release 4. What conduct will guarantee a man from loyalty and obedience to Him. freedom from sin? Gal. 5:16. . . . The ‘liberty’ of which Paul speaks is freedom from ‘bondage’ to the ceremonial system. . . . Freedom is a safe possession only where there is self-control to balance it. God sets men free from sin and then NOTE.—”When one is fully emptied of self, when every false god is cast out of works in them ‘to will and to do of His good pleasure.’“—S.D.A. Bible Commen- the soul, the vacuum is filled by the in- tary, on Gal. 5:13. flowing of the Spirit of Christ. Such a one has the faith that purifies the soul from
- In what one word is the law defilement. He is conformed to the Spirit, and he minds the things of the Spirit. He summarized? Gal. 5:14. Compare has no confidence in self. Christ is all and Matt. 22:36-40; Rom. 13:8-10; 1 Cor. lin all.”—Gospel Workers, page 287. 13:4-7. 5. What conflict exists between flesh and Spirit? Gal. 5:17.
NOTE.—The Galatians, echoing the senti- ments of the Judaizers, have been pressing the claims of the law, while their conduct NOTE.—”The life of the Christian is not has been contrary to its spirit. The apostle all smooth. He has stern conflicts to meet. therefore stresses what Christ had already Severe temptations assail him. ‘The flesh taught—that the exercise of Christian love lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit fulfills the requirements of the law. Al- against the flesh.’ The nearer we come to though he mentions only the second of the close of this earth’s history, the more the great commandments (Matt. 22:36-40), delusive and ensnaring will be the attacks since that covers the subject with which of the enemy. His attacks will grow fiercer he is dealing, the apostle leaves no doubt and more frequent. Those who resist light [ 38 ] other that have caused the fearful degener- acy of our race, and the weight of disease “Many who excuse them- and misery with which the world is cursed. selves from Christian effort Men may succeed in concealing their trans- plead their inability for the gression from their fellowmen, but they will no less surely reap the result, in suffering, work. But did God make disease, imbecility, or death.”—Patriarchs them so incapable? No, and Prophets, pages 461. never. This inability has been produced by their own 8. What hope does carnal man, inactivity and perpetuated by who practices the works of the flesh, have of entering the kingdom? Gal. their deliberate choice.”— 5:21, last part. Christ’s Object Lessons, page 365. 9. Name “the fruit of the Spirit” and truth will become more hardened and as listed by Paul. Gal. 5:22, 23, first unimpressible, and more bitter against those part. who love God and keep His command- ments.”—Ellen G. White Comments, S.D.A. Bible Commentary, vol. 6, p. 1111. NoTE.—”Attention may be called to the fact that the word ‘fruit’ is in the singular,
- What relation to law is enjoyed whereas the word ‘works’ (v. 19) is plural. by one whose life is Spirit-controlled? There is but one ‘fruit of the Spirit,’ and Gal. 5:18. that one fruit includes all of the Christian graces enumerated in vs. 22, 23. In other words, all of these graces are to be present in the life of the Christian, and it cannot be NoTE.—The absence of the definite article said that he is bearing the ‘fruit of the in the Greek shows that Paul is once again Spirit’ if any one is missing. On the other referring to the ceremonial system rather hand, there are many different forms in than the moral law. Those who are guided which evil may manifest itself, and it is by the Holy Spirit will not be subject to necessary for only one of the evil traits legalism, and will not attempt salvation by listed in vs. 19-21 to be present in the life works. for a man to be classified with those who produce the ‘works of the flesh.’ “—S.D.A. Works of the Flesh, Bible Commentary, on Gal. 5:22. Fruit of the Spirit 10. What is the relationship of law to the Spirit-controlled life? Gal. 5:
- What sins does Paul list as 23, last part. Compare verse 18. “works of the flesh”? Gal. 5:19, 20, 21, first part. The Consistent Christian NoTE.—This is not a complete list of the harvest reaped by the indulgence of man’s 11. What has the true Christian carnal or lower nature, but is probably a done with his natural inclinations? selection based on the weaknesses that were Gal. 5:24. appearing among the Galatian believers. And what a fearful list it isl “Nature has affixed terrible penalities to these crimes—penalties which, sooner or la- NOTE.-“I speak to our people. If you ter, will be inflicted upon every trans- draw close to Jesus and seek to adorn gressor. It is these sins more than any your profession by a well-ordered life and 39 godly conversation, your feet will be kept love of Jesus, that you may honor your from straying into forbidden paths. If you Redeemer and do the work that He has ap- will only watch, continually watch unto pointed for you to do. How little you prayer, if you will do everything as if you know of the heart trials of poor souls who were in the immediate presence of God, you have been bound in the chains of darkness will be saved from yielding to temptation, and who lack resolution and moral power. and may hope to be kept pure, spotless, Strive to understand the weakness of oth- and undefiled to the last. . . . If Christ be ers. Help the needy, crucify self, and let within us, we shall crucify the flesh with Jesus take possession of your soul, in order the affections and lusts.”—Testimonies, vol. that you may carry out the principles of 5, p. 148. truth in your daily life. Then will you be, as never before, a blessing to the church
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What appeal does Paul make and to all those with whom you come in for agreement between profession and contact.”—Testimonies, vol. 4, pp. 133, 134. practice? Gal. 5:25. Questions for Meditation
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What further practical applica- 1. Am I fulfilling the law in my relation- tion does the apostle make of his ship with my neighbors? spiritual counsel? Gal. 5:26. 2. Who is winning the war in my life— Christ or Satan? 3. How many of the qualities listed as NorE.—”Be courteous, tenderhearted, for- the “fruit of the Spirit” are lacking in my giving toward others. Let self sink in the life?
Lesson 12, for December 19, 1964 True Christianity
MEMORY VERSE: “But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world.” Gal. 6:14. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Galatians 6:1-18. STUDY HELPS: “The Ministry of Healing,” pages 482-502; “Steps to Christ,” chap- ter, “The Work and the Life;” “S.D.A. Bible Commentary.” AIM: To persuade us, by a study of Paul’s counsel and his example, to put the principles of Christ’s teaching into practice in our lives.
DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD
Check Here Check Here
Tuesday: Questions 7-10. 0 Sabbath afternoon: General survey; Wednesday: Questions 11-13;
start learning memory verse. ❑ read study helps. Sunday: Introduction; questions 1-3. ❑ Thursday: Read study helps. Monday: Questions 4-6. ❑ Friday: Review entire lesson.
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Lesson Outline: Ill. The Christian’s Glory
Introduction 7. Paul’s handwritten message. Gal. 6:11. I. The Law of Christ 8. Exposure of the Judaizers’ motives. Gal. 6:12, 13. 1. The Christian attitude toward those 9. The sole object of Paul’s pride, who fall. Gal. 6 : 1. Gal. 6:14. 2. One way to fulfill the law of Christ. 10. The importance of re-creation in Gal. 6:2. Christian reckoning. Gal. 6:15. 3. Examine self rather than others. Gal. 6:3-5. IV. Benediction
- Sowing, Reaping, Helping 11. Paul’s wish for those who walk the
Christian way. Gal. 6:16.
- Correct relationship between the 12. The conclusion of Paul’s discussion. learner and his teacher. Gal. 6:6. Gal. 6:17.
- Sowing and reaping. Gal. 6:7, 8. 13. Benediction upon the Galatians.
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Persistence in well doing, especially Gal. 6:18. toward fellow Christians. Gal. 6:9, 10.
THE LESSON Introduction harshly censorious. The apostle, therefore, urges them to help the erring in a humble, As in so many of his epistles, Paul con- gentle manner. cludes on a more intimate note than those "The word here translated 'restore' that have been struck in the body of the means to put in joint, as a dislocated bone. letter. Although the intensely personal How suggestive the figure! He who falls touch of Romans 16, 1 Corinthians 16, into error or sin is thrown out of relation Philippians 4, and Colossians 4 is lacking, to everything about him. He may realize there is some relaxing of the theological his error, and be filled with remorse; but tension to bring the epistle to a peaceful he cannot recover himself. He is in con- close. Even so, the controversial character fusion and perplexity, worsted and helpless. of the letter peeps through, and the writer He is to be reclaimed, healed, reestablished." authoritatively disposes of the teachers -Education, page 113. who have been misleading his flock. Inter- mingled with argument, however, there is 2. What is one way in which a much excellent counsel that is as valid now Christian can fulfill the law of Christ? as the day when it was written; and before Gal. 6:2. the close we are given, in verse 14, one of those peerless confessions that enrich the pages of the already incomparable epistle. Careful, prayerful study of this closing NOTE.-"The law of Christ" must here chapter will greatly bless the student. refer primarily to the law or principles that governed the Saviour's life and constituted The Law of Christ His teachings-the law of love that inspired His life of unselfish, sacrificial service. That law can also be identified in terms of an
- How should a Christian act ideal fulfillment of the Ten Commandments. toward one who has fallen into temp- “The first four of the Ten Command- tation? Gal. 6:1. ments are summed up in the one great precept, ‘Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart.’ The last six are in- cluded in the other, ‘Thou shalt love thy Non.-The legalism to which the Gala- neighbor as thyself.’ Both these command- tians were yielding probably made them ments are an expression of the principle of [ 41] love. The first cannot be kept and the sec- teacher. The second bids him share with ond broken, nor can the second be kept his teacher “all good things” that he has while the first is broken. When God has been taught. The first seems the less His rightful place on the throne of the strained interpretation, while the second is heart, the right place will be given to our possibly less of an intrusion on Paul’s line neighbor. We shall love him as ourselves. of thought. And’ only as we love God supremely is it possible to love our neighbor impartially. 5. What does the apostle teach con- “And since all the commandments are cerning the future harvest accruing summed up in love to God and man, it from our present conduct? Gal. 6:7, 8. follows that not one precept can be broken without violating this principle. Thus Christ taught His hearers that the law of God is not so many separate precepts, some of Nora.—”By the laws of God in nature, which are of great importance, while others effect follows cause with unvarying cer- are of small importance and may with im- tainty. The reaping testifies to the sowing. punity be ignored. Our Lord presents the Here no pretense is tolerated. Men may de- first four and the last six commandments ceive their fellowmen and may receive as a divine whole, and teaches that love to praise and compensation for service which God will be shown by obedience to all His they have not rendered. But in nature commandments.”—The Desire of Ages, page there can be no deception. On the unfaith-
- ful husbandman the harvest passes sentence of condemnation. And in the highest sense
- How does Paul encourage all to this is true also in the spiritual realm. . . . examine their own lives? Gal. 6:3-5. Selfishness, self-love, self-esteem, self-in- dulgence, reproduce themselves, and the end is wretchedness and ruin. . . . Love, sym- pathy, and kindness yield fruitage of bless- NOTE.—”We cannot retain self and yet ing, a harvest that is imperishable.”—Edu- enter the kingdom of God. If we ever at- cation, pages 108, 109. tain unto holiness, it will be through re- nunciation of self and the reception of the 6. What general exhortation and mind of Christ. Pride and self-sufficiency particular counsel does Paul give to must be crucified.”—Thoughts From the Christians? Gal. 6:9, 10. Mount of Blessing, page 143. There is no contradiction between Paul’s admonitions in verses 2 and 5, for different Greek words are used for “burdens” in NOTE.—”Good deeds are the fruit that verse 2 and “burden” in verse 5. The first Christ requires us to bear: kind words, refers to a load that may be shared, whereas deeds of benevolence, of tender regard for the second has reference to a load that it the poor, the needy, the afflicted. When is one’s inescapable duty to carry. We hearts sympathize with hearts burdened should offer to help carry the first and not with discouragement and grief, when the try to escape bearing the second. hand dispenses to the needy, when the naked are clothed, the stranger made wel- Sowing, Reaping, Helping come to a seat in your parlor and a place in your heart, angels are coming very near, and an answering strain is responded to in
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What relationship should the heaven. Every act of justice, mercy, and Christian assume toward his spiritual benevolence makes melody in heaven.”— teacher? Gal. 6:6. Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 25.
The Christian's Glory NOTE.—There are at least two possible interpretations of this verse. The first, and 7. With what personal reference that adopted by many translators, bids the does the apostle interrupt his address? pupil share material blessings with his Gal. 6:11. [ 42 ]NOTE.—Paul’s glorying in the cross of Christ stands in bold contrast to the Juda- “If they could do some great izers’ boasting of those they had won from thing, how gladly would his influence. they undertake it; but be- “Through the cross we learn that the heavenly Father loves us with a love that is cause they can serve only in infinite. Can we wonder that Paul ex- little things, they think claimed, ‘God forbid that I should glory, themselves justified in doing save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ’? nothing.”—Christ’s Object Galatians 6:14. It is our privilege also to glory in the cross, our privilege to give our- Lessons, page 355. selves wholly to Him who gave Himself for us. Then, with the light that streams from Calvary shining in our faces, we may go forth to reveal this light to those in dark- NoTE.—Most of Paul’s epistles were dic- ness.”—The Acts of the Apostles, page 210. tated to a scribe or amanuensis, but he sometimes added a brief message in his 10. On what aspect of religion does own hand which assured his readers that Christian reckoning place prime the letter was genuine. It is not clear if value? Gal. 6:15. this reference in Galatians was to serve such a purpose, or if it implied, as is un- likely, that the whole letter was written by the apostle. NOTE.—With this declaration Paul vir- The words “how large a latter,” or “with tually dismisses the whole topic that has what large letters” (R.S.V.), have been caused the Galatians so much trouble. taken by many commentators to be a refer- Either observance of the law of circumci- ence to Paul’s inability to write normally sion, or the deliberate nonobservance of its owing to poor eyesight. Others have con- requirements, is devoid of religious signifi- jectured that his hands had been crippled cance in the eyes of Christ. The Master by ill treatment. Whatever the correct looks to see if His professed follower has interpretation, the somewhat pathetic note been born again and has become a new must surely have touched the Galatian creature (or, a new creation). hearts.
- In a final reference to the Juda- Benediction izers, how does Paul lay bare their motives? Gal. 6.12, 13. 11. What is the apostle’s wish for those who follow the Christian way of life? Gal. 6:16.
NOTE.—The apostle discovers two main motives in the activities of the false teach- NoTE.—In this verse he describes those ers. The first concerned a natural desire to who accept his concept of the gospel as escape persecution. If they were busy per- “the Israel of God,” thereby contradicting suading Christians to observe the Jewish the troublemakers who were maintaining ceremonial law, especially respecting cir- that only those who conformed to Jewish cumcision, they would hardly be troubled ceremonial rites could claim that title. by the Jews who persecuted Paul and his faithful converts. The second arose from 12. How does Paul bring an end to their desire to boast of the number of those they had turned from “Paul’s gospel” to his long treatment of the science of their own distorted version of Christianity. justification? Gal. 6:17.
- What does Paul determine to make the sole object of his pride? Gal. NOTE.—With great patience and masterly 6:14. reasoning the apostle has dealt with the [ 431 perplexities that so sorely troubled the denying. It is comforting to know that his churches in Galatia. But he has said earnest pleadings were not in vain. “The enough. Little would be gained by pro- Holy Spirit wrought with mighty power, longing the discussion. He closes the topic. and many whose feet had wandered into He can do so with authority since on his strange paths, returned to their former own body he bears the stigmata, or brand- faith in the gospel. Henceforth they were ing marks, gained from the many sufferings steadfast in the liberty wherewith Christ he had endured in Christ’s service. had made them free.”-The Acts of the Apostles, page 388.
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With what courteous benedic- tion does Paul conclude his letter to Questions for Meditation the Galatian Christians? Gal. 6:18. 1. Do I help or hinder those who stumble by the way? 2. What harvest may I expect from the NOTE.-The warmhearted apostle wishes seed I have sown in my life? his troubled brethren the gift of grace from 3. Do I truly glory in the cross of my the One whom they were in danger of Lord Jesus Christ?
Lesson 13, for December 26, 1964 Summary MEMORY VERSE: Review of all the memory verses for the quarter. LESSON SCRIPTURE: Rapidly review the entire epistle to the Galatians and try to outline its contents and grasp its main message. AIM: To review Paul's purpose in writing the epistle and to apply his teaching and counsel to our own lives. DAILY STUDY ASSIGNMENT AND RECORD Check Here Check Here Sabbath afternoon: Review the Tuesday: Chapter 3. 0 historical setting as given in the Wednesday: Chapter 4. book of Acts. ❑ Thursday: Chapter 5. 0 Sunday: Chapter 1. ❑ Friday: Chapter 6. Monday: Chapter 2. ❑
Lesson Outline: 11. Justified Through Christ 5. Justification by faith, not works. Introduction Gal. 2:14-18; 3:2, 3. 6. The just live by faith. Gal. 3:5-22. I. The Historical Setting 7. Heirs according to the promise. 1. Jews and Gentiles. Acts 15:1, 5, 6, Gal. 3:23 to 4:7. 10, 11, 19, 20. 8. Paul, the ardent evangelist. Gal. 4:8-20. 2. Paul and his gospel. Gal. 1:6-8, 11, 12. I11. Freedom in Christ 3. From persecutor to preacher. Gal. 9. Slave or free? Gal. 4:22-31. 1:13-24. 10. Christian liberty. Gal. 5:1-5, 13. 4. Struggle against legalism. Gal. 11. Spirit-controlled life. Gal. 5:16-25. 2:1-13. 12. True Christianity. Gal. 6:1-10. [44 ] THE LESSON
Introduction Justified Through Christ
During this quarter we have studied the 5. What was the fundamental dif- Epistle of Paul to the Galatians. In this ference between the message taught lesson we will stand back and look at the by the Judaizers and that taught by letter as a whole, endeavoring to summarize Paul? Gal. 2:14-18; 3:2, 3. its powerfully delivered message, in order that we may have a clear outline of it in our own minds. This review, or summary, however, should serve a still more impor- tant purpose—it should lead us to embrace 6. Why does justification come by the inspired message for our own use, so • faith in Christ and not by works? that God’s Word may fulfill its design in Was this doctrine known among our experience and not merely in that of God’s people before Christ’s first ad- the Galatian believers. Inasmuch as we are vent? Gal. 3:5-22. reviewing the lessons of the past twelve Sabbaths, the answers to the questions in this thirteenth lesson must be brief, assum- ing that we have already acquired a more detailed understanding of the epistle in the 7. In what sense did the religious previous lessons. The questions in this les- system given by God to Israel serve son are designed to call forth some of the as a schoolmaster to lead men to most salient lessons learned during the Christ? How long was Israel to live quarter and to make suggestions for apply- under such tutorship? Gal. 3:23 to ing them to our own religious experience. 4:7. The Historical Setting
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What was the question at issue 8. How zealous was Paul in his in Galatia, and what official stand had concern for the spiritual well-being of the Christian church previously taken the Galatian believers? How faith- concerning it? Acts 15:1, 5, 6, 10, 11, fully does God expect the shepherds 19, 20. to guard His flock against wolves? Gal. 4:8-20. Compare Acts 20:28-31.
- What effect had the teachings of the Judaizers had upon the Galatian believers in their relationship to the gospel message preached by Paul? “We shall individually be Gal. 1:6-8, 11, 12. held responsible for doing one jot less than we have ability to do. . . . He would
- How well qualified was Paul to not have us conjecture as to discuss the fundamentals of Judaism? the success of our honest en- Why did he abandon it? Gal. 1:13-24. deavors. Not once should we even think of failure. We are to cooperate with One
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What previous experiences had who knows no failure.”— Paul, as a gospel minister, had with Christ’s Object Lessons, page the question that now troubled the 363. Galatian churches? Gal. 2:1-13. [ 45 ] Freedom in Christ Questions for Meditation
- What lesson is taught by means 1. Is it true, as some say, that Seventh- of the allegory of Hagar and Ishmael day Adventists are “Judaizers” and “legal- versus Sarah and Isaac? Gal. 4:22-31. ists” because we teach that Christians ought to obey the Ten Commandments, including the fourth? If not, why not? 2. Is the man who abstains from murder, adultery, theft, and false witness, which are
- In what sense is a Christian prohibited by the sixth, seventh, eighth, and free insofar as his responsibilities are ninth commandments, any less a legalist concerned? Gal. 5:1-5, 13. than a man who observes the seventh-day Sabbath required by the fourth command- ment? 3. What does it mean to “fulfill the law of Christ” (Gal. 6:2)?
- Why are the fruits of the flesh 4. Is a person saved by grace thereby re- and those of the Spirit so fundamen- leased from the duty to order his life tally different? Why do we need to in harmony with God’s revealed will be- be led by the Holy Spirit, if we have cause of a heart moved by love for Christ? been justified by faith in Christ? Gal. 5:16-25. “The Sabbath school work is important, and all who are
- In what spirit should the be- interested in the truth should liever be his brother’s keeper? What endeavor to make it prosper. is the difference between sowing to ous.”—Counsels on Sabbath the flesh and reaping of the flesh, and School Work, page 9. sowing to and reaping of the Spirit? Gal. 6:1-10.
The senior Sabbath school lessons, slightly condensed, are published each quarter in Braille and supplied free to the blind upon request. Ad- dress: Christian Record Braille Foundation, Inc., 4444 South 52d Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68516.
Tape-recorded mission appeals for the Thirteenth Sabbath Offering overflow projects are available for offering promotion in the Sabbath school. Two seven-minute stories for only $2. Order through your Book and Bible House.
[ 46 ]
THIRTEENTH SABBATH OFFERING December 19, 1964 NORTHERN EUROPEAN DIVISION True, the Northern European Division is a home base, from which missionaries have gone out to many parts of the world field. Why, then, should we give an overflow from the Thirteenth Sabbath Offer- ing to this division? Because the Northern European Division has two mission fields in Africa for which it is responsible—Ethiopia and the West African Union—with a total population of 82,860,730. With this great multitude of people, it is easy to understand that the calls for help are many and urgent. To read the list of countries that make up the West African Union Mission, it sounds as though one were reading the daily newspaper, for these are some of the emerging nations of Africa that are frequently in the news today. We cannot answer all their needs, but this quarter our Sabbath school members around the world will have the privilege of contributing toward three specific projects; namely, a girls’ dormitory at our Ede secondary school in West Nigeria, a boys’ dormitory for our college in West Nigeria, and a leprosarium in Sierra Leone. On December 19, or December 26, on whichever date the Thirteenth Sabbath Offering is taken in your Sabbath school, won’t you give a really sacrificial offering in the name of the Christ child, while the way is still open for us to give to these needy mission fields of West Africa?
Lessons for the First Quarter of 1965 Sabbath school members who have failed to receive a senior Lesson Quarterly for the first quarter of 1965 will be helped by the following outline in studying the first lesson. The title of the lessons for the quarter is "Fundamentals of Christian Living." The title of the first lesson is "God Is Fitting Men for His Eternal King- dom." The memory verse is 2 Peter 3:11. The study helps are The- Great Contro- versy, pages 647-659 (1950 ed., pp. 637-643) ; Christ's Object Lessons pages 285, 426-429 (1923 ed., pp. 283, 416-419). The texts to be studied are: Ques. 1. Matt. 6:33 ; 1 John 2:15-17. Ques. 7. Deut. 30:15, 19. Ques. 2. Heb. 11:10, 13, 14, 16. Ques. 8. 2 Cor. 13:5. Ques. 3. Isa. 65:17-19, 21, 22; Rev. Ques. 9. Rev. 3:15-17.
21:1-4. Ques. 10. Rev. 3:18, 19. Ques. 4. Rev. 21:7, 8. Ques. 11. John 17:3. Ques. 5. Matt. 25:31-33. Ques. 12. 2 Peter 3:11-14. Ques. 6. Rom. 8:7-10.
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BRITISH U. C. 58,204,135 115 10,072 9,084
ETHIOPIAN U. M. 23,570,000 47 6,539 6706
FINLAND U. C. 4,103,000 47 5,356 6,049
GREENLAND M. 37,368 1 11 14
ICELAND C. 130,000 8 416 539
NETHERLANDS U. C. 11000000 45 2,911 2,473
POLISH U. C. 30,000000 66 '3,880 '4,327 A SWEDISH U. C. 7,821,066 71 3,779 3.348
LEP R 0 SAR IUM WEST AFRICAN U. M. 59,250,730 205 29,820 75,719
GIRL'S 137 9,195 8,097
WEST NORDIC U. C. 8,291,259
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